Образовательно-инновационный аспект человеческого капитала и его влияние на экономический рост
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-1-9Ключевые слова:
человеческий капитал, образование, ВВП на душу населения, НИОКР, экономический рост, расходы на образование, соотношение учащихся и преподавателей, занятые в НИОКР, патенты, Вишеградская четверкаАннотация
Человеческий капитал — важный фактор экономического роста и развития социально-экономических систем. Однако вопросы, связанные с адекватным выражением ценности человеческого капитала и механизмами его влияния на экономическое развитие, до сих пор остаются открытыми. В статье выдвигается гипотеза о наличии взаимосвязи между человеческим капиталом и экономическим ростом. Для ее проверки проанализированы данные стран Вишеградской группы за период 2000–2019 гг. При помощи статистических методов исследована причинно-следственная связь между некоторыми аспектами человеческого капитала и экономического роста, а также условиями, обеспечивающими положительный эффект. Также проанализирована роль некоторых характеристик, используемых для выражения влияния человеческого капитала на экономический рост. Представленная в статье модель продемонстрировала наличие положительной статистически значимой связи между валовым внутренним продуктом на душу населения и показателями инновационного потенциала человеческого капитала и квалификации работников. Влияние инструментов создания и развития человеческого капитала проявляется в долгосрочном периоде и снижается из-за одновременного воздействия иных факторов рынка труда. К примеру, пандемия Covid-19 негативно повлияла на развитие экономики, что привело к соответствующим изменениям в сфере занятости, в частности к переходу на удаленную работу. Воздействие подобной трансформации на экономический рост представляет научный интерес. Изменения в карьерном продвижении сотрудников и отношении компаний к человеческому капиталу также являются перспективной темой для дальнейших исследований, которые можно проводить раз в несколько лет.
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