2072-64142411-140610.17059/ekon.reg.2023-1-9Educational and Innovative Elements of Human Capital and Their Impact on Economic GrowthОбразовательно-инновационный аспект человеческого капитала и его влияние на экономический ростhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0818-4698Daňová Monika Данова Моника monika.danova@unipo.skhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9907-1372Širá ElenaШираЕленаelena.sira@unipo.skUniversity of PrešovПрешовский университет191111121Copyright © 2023 Monika Daňová, Elena ŠiráCopyright © 2023 Моника Данова, Елена Шира2023Monika Daňová, Elena ŠiráМоника Данова, Елена ШираCC BY 4.0https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/view/414https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/download/414/176

Human capital is an important factor for economic growth and the development of socio-economic systems. However, the appropriate expression of the value of human capital, the mechanism and its impact on economic development are still under discussion. It is hypothesised that there is a relationship between human capital and economic growth. To test this hypothesis, data on the group of Visegrad (V4) countries for the period 2000–2019 was analysed. The study examines the presence of a causal link between some attributes of human capital and economic growth and the conditions, under which its positive effects can be expected based on statistical methods. It also deals with the role and the applicability of some of its characteristics to express the impact of human capital on economic growth. The model revealed a positive, statistically significant relationship between gross domestic product per capita and the innovative capacity of human capital and the qualifications of employees. The impact of tools for human capital creation and development extends over a longer period and is reduced by the simultaneous action of other labour market factors. Currently, economies are affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. Corresponding changes are also noticeable in the way work is done, with more weight on the home office. It will be interesting to examine how this transformation will affect economic growth. The changes in the position of employees and the care of companies for human capital are also a good topic for further research that can be conducted every few years.

Человеческий капитал — важный фактор экономического роста и развития социально-экономических систем. Однако вопросы, связанные с адекватным выражением ценности человеческого капитала и механизмами его влияния на экономическое развитие, до сих пор остаются открытыми. В статье выдвигается гипотеза о наличии взаимосвязи между человеческим капиталом и экономическим ростом. Для ее проверки проанализированы данные стран Вишеградской группы за период 2000–2019 гг. При помощи статистических методов исследована причинно-следственная связь между некоторыми аспектами человеческого капитала и экономического роста, а также условиями, обеспечивающими положительный эффект. Также проанализирована роль некоторых характеристик, используемых для выражения влияния человеческого капитала на экономический рост. Представленная в статье модель продемонстрировала наличие положительной статистически значимой связи между валовым внутренним продуктом на душу населения и показателями инновационного потенциала человеческого капитала и квалификации работников. Влияние инструментов создания и развития человеческого капитала проявляется в долгосрочном периоде и снижается из-за одновременного воздействия иных факторов рынка труда. К примеру, пандемия Covid-19 негативно повлияла на развитие экономики, что привело к соответствующим изменениям в сфере занятости, в частности к переходу на удаленную работу. Воздействие подобной трансформации на экономический рост представляет научный интерес. Изменения в карьерном продвижении сотрудников и отношении компаний к человеческому капиталу также являются перспективной темой для дальнейших исследований, которые можно проводить раз в несколько лет.

human capitaleducationGDP per capitaresearch and developmenteconomic growthexpenditure on educationratio of students to teacheremployees in research and developmentpatentsV4 countriesчеловеческий капиталобразованиеВВП на душу населенияНИОКРэкономический рострасходы на образованиесоотношение учащихся и преподавателейзанятые в НИОКРпатентыВишеградская четверка

The article has been prepared with the support of the Cultural and Educational Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic, grant No. KEGA 024PU-4/2020.

Статья подготовлена при поддержке Агентства культурных и образовательных грантов Министерства образования, науки, исследований и спорта Словацкой Республики, грант № KEGA 024PU-4/2020.

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