Инвестиционная стратегия Китая: перспективы сотрудничества с Россией
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2026-3-8Ключевые слова:
инвестиционная стратегия Китая, российско-китайское сотрудничество, инициатива «Пояс и путь», прямые иностранные инвестиции, антироссийские санкции, технологическое взаимодействиеАннотация
Анализ российско-китайского инвестиционного сотрудничества в настоящее время довольно затруднителен ввиду отсутствия полноты статистических данных, связанного с разным подходом к учету инвестиций в Китае, России и международных организациях, а также с закрытием российской внешнеэкономической статистики с 2022 г. В статье агрегируются и сопоставляются данные из открытых источников за период 2022–2025 гг.: статистика UNCTAD по движению ПИИ, мониторинги Евразийского банка развития, данные Национального бюро статистики КНР, таможенная статистика Китая по товарным потокам, а также информация о реализуемых инвестиционных проектах из отраслевых отчетов. Результаты показывают, что стратегия Китая по экспорту капитала, превратившая его в ключевого глобального инвестора, во многом становится ответом на современные геополитические вызовы и помогает решать внутренние проблемы китайской экономики. Между тем, уровень инвестиционного взаимодействия между Россией и Китаем отстает от близости политических и торговых связей двух стран. К началу 2025 г. объем накопленных китайских ПИИ в мире достиг 3,14 трлн долл., тогда как доля накопленных Китаем инвестиций в России после 2016 г. не достигала и 1 % общего объема запасов китайских инвестиций в странах мира (наибольшее значение этого показателя — 0,7 % — пришлось на 2022 г.). Основной масштаб этих инвестиций сосредоточен в ресурсодобывающей и перерабатывающей инфраструктуре, включая строительство совместных предприятий, в том числе в области автомобилестроения. Все более выгодными становятся совместные проекты по производству высокотехнологичной продукции для атомной энергетики. Рекомендации по решению проблем наращивания двустороннего сотрудничества касаются углубления межправительственного диалога для снижения рисков вторичных санкций, создания совместных инвестиционных фондов, развития приграничных территорий опережающего развития и упрощения визовых и административных процедур для бизнеса.
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