Ранжирование и типология регионов Российской Федерации по жилищной обеспеченности и доступности жилья в 1990–2020-х годах
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2024-3-11Ключевые слова:
жилищная сфера, жилищное строительство, ранжирование, рейтинг, классификация, типология, доступность жилья, жилищная обеспеченность, ИЖС, регион, Российская ФедерацияАннотация
Используемые государством до настоящего времени преимущественно единые подходы в развитии ипотечного кредитования в Российской Федерации (РФ) пока не привели к сглаживанию региональных диспропорций в жилищном строительстве и, более того, способствовали обострению проблемы доступности жилья для населения в последние пять лет. В связи с этим возникла объективная необходимость дифференциации государственной политики по развитию жилищного строительства в соответствии с особенностями рынка жилья в субъектах РФ. С учетом выявленных недостатков в отечественных исследованиях, использовавших отдельные, интегрированные индикаторы, группы показателей и метод построения классификаций регионов РФ, в настоящей работе предложен подход к ранжированию и построению типологии субъектов РФ, основанный на расчете девяти показателей: долей регионов в общероссийском объеме вводимого жилья в городской и сельской местности в 1990–2020-х гг. в сравнении со средними долями населения регионов в численности населении РФ, изменения средней площади вводимого жилья в многоквартирных домах и объектов индивидуального жилищного строительства (ИЖС), средней доступности жилья и доли ИЖС во вводе жилья в среднесрочном периоде. Рассчитанные показатели свидетельствуют в том числе о значительных объемах строительства второго жилья в пределах крупнейших агломераций, об уменьшении в 2000–2020-х гг. размеров вводимых квартир в 79 субъектах РФ, о региональных различиях в площади вводимых квартир и объектов ИЖС, от 1,4 до 3,5 раз, об увеличении доли объектов ИЖС в общем вводе жилья в 51 регионе РФ. В результате были составлены девять классификаций регионов, состоящие из пяти групп каждая, на основе которых было выделено 16 типов и подтипов субъектов РФ, характеризующих особенности жилищной обеспеченности и доступности жилья. Представленная авторская типология регионов РФ позволяет улучшить или скорректировать государственную политику по развитию жилищного строительства с учетом региональных различий в рынках жилья между городской и сельской местностью и между сегментами многоквартирных домов и ИЖС.
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