Анализ влияния деградации земель на производство сельскохозяйственной продукции с помощью производственной функции со стохастической границей
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2024-4-12Ключевые слова:
деградация земель, эрозия почв, производственные функции в сельском хозяйстве, метод стохастической границыАннотация
Деградация земель – важная проблема современного общества, которая нашла своё отражение в Целях устойчивого развития ООН (ЦУР). Масштаб деградации земель и её влияние на сельскохозяйственную деятельность приводят к необходимости подробного исследования и применения междисциплинарного подхода с учетом специфических черт и индикаторов, характеризующих данное явление. В настоящей представлен анализ влияния деградации земель сельскохозяйственного назначения на выпуск продукции растениеводства на уровне ферм в одном из ключевых агропромышленных регионов России — Самарской области. В качестве данных использованы показатели, характеризующие средства сельскохозяйственного производства (затраты, площадь возделываемых земель, трудовые ресурсы), а также показатели качества почв, такие как содержание органических веществ (гумуса), доля деградированных земель, эрозия почв. Для выявления взаимосвязи между деградацией земель и выпуском сельскохозяйственной продукции использован метод производственной функции со стохастической границей, поскольку он не только позволяет оценить параметры классической производственной функции, но и учитывает ошибки модели в части рисков и технической неэффективности. Результаты исследования показали, что доля деградированных земель в конкретном регионе умеренно влияет на потенциал растениеводческой продукции. В то же время большая часть факторов производства, таких как затраты на производство, площадь посевов, трудовые ресурсы, напротив, позволяют увеличить производство. Используемый метод и полученные оценки могут быть улучшены, если появится возможность ежегодного сбора и публикации данных о деградации земель и других экономических и экологических индикаторах.
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