Неоднородность экономического развития российских макрорегионов
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-4-1Ключевые слова:
макрорегион, межтерриториальное неравенство, оценка неоднородности, пространственное развитие, районирование, связность регионовАннотация
Неоднозначность роли макрорегионов в современной системе управления пространственными трансформациями актуализирует необходимость обращения к специфике их развития. Цель исследования заключается в характеристике степени экономической неоднородности развития макрорегионов, выделенных в Стратегии пространственного развития Российской Федерации. В основе методического инструментария проведенного анализа лежит расчет индикаторов степени неоднородности массива данных (коэффициенты вариации, асимметрии и эксцесса), а параметрами сопоставления территориальных единиц друг с другом выступают комплексные показатели — валовой региональный продукт, объем инвестиций и денежные доходы населения. Результаты расчетов свидетельствуют о значительной степени неравномерности экономического развития макрорегионов, наблюдаемой на протяжении всего анализируемого периода — с 2000 г. по 2022 г. (в случае оценки среднедушевого ВРП — по 2021 г.). На уровне отдельных макрорегионов масштабы межтерриториальной неоднородности могут быть охарактеризованы по-разному. Это позволяет разделить их на 3 группы. Центральный, Северный, Уральско-Сибирский и Дальневосточный макрорегионы отличаются существенной неравномерностью развития входящих в их состав субъектов и отсутствием тенденции к ее сокращению. Рассчитанные для них величины коэффициента вариации в большинстве наблюдений значительно (до 4 раз) превышают пороговое значение (0,33). Центрально-Черноземный, Северо-Кавказский и Волго-Уральский макрорегионы, напротив, достаточно однородны. Значения всех коэффициентов приближены к пороговым значениям или находятся ниже их. Уровень неравенства в развитии прочих макрорегионов характеризуется высокой степенью дифференциации и отсутствием ярко выраженного тренда изменений. Итоги исследования позволяют скептически взглянуть на перспективы достижения запланированных в рамках Стратегии пространственного развития Российской Федерации результатов. Практическая значимость проделанной работы определяется возможностью использования ее результатов в целях совершенствования пространственной политики.
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