Экономика «азиатских производств» в странах АСЕАН в эпоху четвертой промышленной революции
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-1-4Ключевые слова:
региональная интеграция, региональная фрагментация производства, азиатское производство, производство стрран АСЕАН, индекс Грубеля — Ллойда, вертикальные межотраслевые компании, индекс интроверсии региональной торговли, качество экспорта, четвертая промышленная революция, индустрия 4.0Аннотация
В последние десятилетия динамично развивающиеся страны Восточной Азии демонстрируют высокие темпы экономического роста благодаря феномену «Factory Asia» (азиатское производство), другими словами, региональной фрагментации производства. В данном случае компании с головными офисами в технологически развитых странах размещают наиболее трудоемкое производство деталей и компонентов в странах Ассоциации государств Юго-Восточной Азии (АСЕАН). Внедрение трудосберегающих технологий в производственный сектор в эпоху четвертой промышленной революции привело к тому, что низкая заработная плата уже не является определяющим фактором конкурентоспособности. По прогнозам, это может привести к закрытию «азиатских производств». Цель настоящей статьи — определить, наносит ли внедрение Индустрии 4.0 ущерб экономике стран, где размещены «азиатские производства». С помощью индекса интроверсии региональной торговли проанализированы как региональные отношения внутри АСЕАН, так и взаимоотношения между государствами — членами и США, Японией, Китаем и Кореей (АСЕАН + 1). Для оценки качества экспорта стран АСЕАН в страны, в которых располагаются головные офисы компаний, применен анализ вертикально интегрированных межотраслевых корпораций. Результаты исследования показали, что Индустрия 4.0 не оказала негативного влияния на экономику стран АСЕАН. Торговый блок АСЕАН укрепил свои позиции благодаря высокому показателю внутриотраслевой торговли и положительному индексу интроверсии региональной торговли. Экспорт продукции более высокого качества из стран АСЕАН в развитые страны, особенно в Китай и Корею, постоянно увеличивается. Кроме того, на фрагментацию сетевого производства также оказывают влияние географический аспект и экономические различия между странами.
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