ВЛИЯНИЕ ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКОГО КАПИТАЛА НА ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЙ РОСТ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ РЕГИОНОВ КАЗАХСТАНА)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-2-7Ключевые слова:
Казахстан, человеческий капитал, регион, экономический рост, совокупная факторная производительность, валовой региональный продукт, средняя продолжительность обучения, процент населения с высшим образованием, младенческая смертность, ожидаемая продолжительность жизни при рожденииАннотация
В настоящее время значение человеческого капитала для экономического роста становится предметом многих исследований. Однако его влияние на экономический рост Казахстана еще недостаточно исследовано. В частности, отсутствуют работы, в которых использованы различные аппроксимации человеческого капитала, а также прямой и косвенный подходы к изучению данного вопроса. В статье с опорой на показатели в сферах образования и здравоохранения анализируется влияние человеческого капитала на экономический рост регионов Казахстана за 1994-2019 гг. как в качестве фактора производства, так и через совокупную факторную производительность (СФП). Проведенный анализ показал, что человеческий капитал незначим как фактор производства, но оказывает существенное косвенное влияние на темпы роста СФП через способность имитировать и внедрять новые технологии извне, а не за счет внутренних инноваций. Основные результаты данного исследования заключаются в следующем. Во-первых, проанализированы и показатели образования, и показатели здравоохранения человеческого капитала. Во-вторых, изучено влияние человеческого капитала на экономический рост казахстанских регионов как непосредственно в виде фактора производства, так и косвенно через СФП. В-третьих, протестирована пространственная зависимость данных по регионам Казахстана. В-четвертых, представлены данные о средней продолжительности обучения в регионах страны. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы для разработки политики ускорения экономического роста Казахстана и его регионов. В будущих исследованиях предполагается оценить другие аппроксимации человеческого капитала.
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