Обзор исследований агломерационных процессов в региональной экономике
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-2-2Аннотация
Сосредоточение компаний в городе или регионе позволяет получать преимущества без дополнительных затрат и повышать эффективность экономических процессов. Эмпирически доказано, что агломерации через эффекты урбанизации и локализации способствуют экономическому росту и развитию, а значит, должны приниматься во внимание при проведении региональной и городской политики. В статье рассмотрены факторы формирования агломерационных процессов, их специфика развития и влияние на экономику регионов и городов. Представлены исследования территориального распределения компаний и населения, в том числе креативного капитала, отражена связь с инновационными системами и капиталом знаний. Показано, как международная торговля, рыночная конкуренция, развитие транспортной системы и многие другие факторы влияют на агломерации. Исследование агломерационных процессов пересекается с другими областями науки — эволюционной экономикой, кластерной организаций деятельности, специализацией и диверсификацией, демографией фирм. Проведена систематизация работ в области агломерационных процессов с использованием временного, терминологического и географического анализа, а также путем изучения определений и типологии для полного раскрытия темы, на основе Google Scholar и Web of Science за 1959–2018 гг. Определено, что агломерации рассматриваются в таких научных сферах, как экономика, география, региональное городское планирование, урбанистика, менеджмент и регионоведение. Ключевыми терминами являются экономика агломерации (экономика), локализация, урбанизация, агломерационные силы, агломерационные и дегломеративные факторы. Эти работы географически распределены, и больше всего их выполняется в США (в основном в Калифорнийском университете), Великобритании (Лондонская школа экономики и права) и Китае (Китайская академия наук и Пекинский университет). Представленный обзор исследований послужит отправной точкой для более углубленного изучения агломерационных процессов в разных областях экономической науки.
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