Адаптация и интеграция трудовых мигрантов из Центральной Азии в России и странах Европейского союза: компаративный анализ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2021-1-13Ключевые слова:
миграционные процессы, трудовая миграция, адаптация и интеграция мигрантов, модели адаптации мигрантов, мигранты из Центральной Азии, миграция в России, миграция в Европейский союзАннотация
В настоящее время в России происходит трансформация миграционных потоков, временный характер миграции меняется на постоянный. Основная доля мигрантов прибывает из стран Центральной Азии, где демографическая и экономическая ситуация приводит к долгосрочному росту потоков трудовых мигрантов. В этих условиях актуализируются вопросы их адаптации и интеграции. Исследование представляет собой обзор научной литературы, изучающей адаптационные практики трудовых мигрантов. Сравнительный анализ обусловлен важностью использования накопленного опыта европейских стран, которые проводят политику активной интеграции мигрантов. Поиск публикаций, отражающих вопросы изучения факторов и моделей адаптации трудовых мигрантов из Центральной Азии в России и странах Европейского союза, осуществлялся на площадках Scopus, Web of Science, e-Library. Выявлены возросший интерес к теме исследования, рост публикационной активности и увеличение количества совместных исследований данной проблематики представителями разных стран. В большинстве случаев исследователи отмечают роль социального капитала в адаптации мигрантов, длительность процесса аккультурации мигрантов и важность участия принимающего сообщества в этом процессе. Рассматривается опыт двусторонней адаптации в странах ЕС. По мере увеличения потока мигрантов в страны ЕС из Центральной Азии интерес западных исследователей к этой теме будет расти. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы для повышения эффективности изучения миграционных процессов.Библиографические ссылки
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