Факторы успеха в интернационализации экспортных компаний в Колумбии
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2021-2-15Ключевые слова:
эффективность экспорта, программы содействия экспорту, сети, МСП, развивающаяся страна, внешние ресурсы, обязательства по экспорту, международный опыт, экспортная стратегия, отраслевые инновации, объем сектораАннотация
Эффективность экспорта оказывает существенное влияние на экономический рост страны, поскольку ведет к развитию специализации и экономии за счет роста производства, обеспечивает доступ к новым технологиям и привлечение иностранных инвестиций. В связи с этим ученые уделяют особое внимание изучению факторов, определяющих разработку и реализацию успешных экспортных стратегий. В данной статье проводится анализ эффективности экспорта колумбийских предприятий с учетом экономических и отраслевых переменных. Цель исследования - рассмотреть условия, которые влияют на выход малых и средних предприятий (МСП) на зарубежный рынок и могут быть полезны для компаний, вовлеченных в процесс интернационализации. Данные факторы также можно учитывать при разработке экспортной политики Колумбии. При помощи многоуровневой модели была произведена оценка выборки колумбийских предприятий. К отраслевым факторам отнесены наличие программ содействия экспорту и корпоративных сетей, развитость таможенного законодательства, объем рынка отрасли и количество инноваций. Сделан вывод, что для организации экспортных поставок необходим предварительный анализ направлений экспорта, условий и нормативных документов стран, в которые планируется экспорт, в то время как колумбийские экспортеры обычно не проводят подобных исследований. Государственные программы поддержки и развитие таможенного законодательства приводят к увеличению динамичности бизнеса, способствуют выходу на новые рынки и помогают компенсировать потери.Библиографические ссылки
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