Арктика и Север в контексте пространственного развития России
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2021-3-2Ключевые слова:
социально-экономическое пространство, арктика, север, изучение и стратегическое планирование, интеграция, производственные связи, регионы-соседи, экономическое районированиеАннотация
Негативный опыт реформирования экономики в 1990-х гг. показал, что игнорирование закономерностей общественного воспроизводства и чрезмерный крен в сторону экспортно-импортных экономических связей, тем более без привязки их к внутренним социальным и научно-технологическим проблемам, создают угрозу дезинтеграции рыночного пространства России. И в настоящее время Арктика и другие территории Севера находятся под влиянием неустойчивости внешних рынков углеводородов и минерального сырья. Вместе с тем, за последние 10-15лет изменился смысл энергетической проблематики. С объемных (количественных) она, в соответствии с курсом на формирование зеленой экономики, во все большей мере переключается на качественные и структурные показатели. Откликом отечественных предприятий ТЭК на данные изменения стала технологическая модернизация нефтеперерабатывающих и газоперерабатывающих заводов с целью увеличения выпуска высококачественных светлых нефтепродуктов, новых видов газохимической продукции, конкурентоспособных на мировых рынках. На экономическое положение районов Арктики, Дальнего и Ближнего Севера существенное влияние оказывают такие обстоятельства, как переход добычи углеводородов на преимущественно средние и малые месторождения, угасание здесь угольной промышленности, рост дефицита некоторых видов минерального сырья (золота, алмазов, редкоземельных металлов, никеля, меди, титана), развертывание в России широкой сети предприятий малой лесохимии с выпуском товарной продукции медицинского, сельскохозяйственного и бытового назначения, рост спроса на внутреннем и внешних рынках продукции оленеводства и экологически безопасного земледелия, рыболовства, грибов и ягод. Одной из важных задач национальной экономики считается разработка и внедрение технологий, имеющих критически важное значение для освоения Арктики. В решении проблем укрепления социально-экономического пространства России и включения в этот процесс северных и арктических территорий значительную роль играют взаимодействие между региональными правительствами и их активное участие в формировании крупных экономических районов. Указанные вопросы рассмотрены на фоне общей теории пространственного развития и различных концепций формирования северных хозяйственных систем. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы при уточнении арктических стратегий и программ, разработке долгосрочных планов социально-экономического развития северных регионов.Библиографические ссылки
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