Определение «узких мест» региональной инновационной политики: инфраструктурно-дифференцированный подход
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2026-2-4Ключевые слова:
региональная инновационная политика, узкие места инновационной политики, инфраструктурные ограничения, частичный метод наименьших квадратов, PLS-регрессия, результативность инновационной политикиАннотация
Проблема низкой результативности инновационной деятельности при значительном ее потенциале остается актуальной для России, особенно в условиях сильной региональной дифференциации. В научной среде сохраняется дефицит эмпирических работ, доказывающих влияние инфраструктурных факторов на результативность инновационной политики регионов. Цель исследования — выявление ограничений инновационной политики через призму качества формируемого ею инфраструктурного обеспечения с учетом дифференциации развития. Последнее предполагает включение в выборку только сопоставимых регионов (по уровню развития и реализуемой политике). Методология опирается на инфраструктурный анализ: результативность политики связана с качеством такой инфраструктуры как ресурсная, научно-образовательная, кадровая, финансовая, нормативно-правовая. Обработка панельных данных (1870 наблюдений) проведена методом частичных наименьших квадратов, в итоге впервые в анализе инновационной политики осуществлена интеграция дифференцированного и инфраструктурного подходов, что позволило достичь поставленной цели исследования. Результаты показали, что ключевые инфраструктурные ограничения связаны с финансовой, ресурсной и научно-образовательной сферами. Выявлены статистически значимые негативные влияния, такие как отрицательная связь доли бизнеса в финансировании исследований и разработок с экспортом технологий, а также федерального финансирования проектов — с долей инновационной продукции на основе российских результатов интеллектуальной деятельности. В ресурсной инфраструктуре ограничивающим фактором выступает обновление машин и оборудования, а в научно-образовательной — низкая коммерциализация научных разработок, долгий переход от публикационной активности к внедрению разработок. Статистически значимое влияние кадровой инфраструктуры не выявлено. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы региональными органами власти для корректировки инновационной политики и концентрации ресурсов на приоритетных направлениях. Основное ограничение исследования связано с тестированием только линейных связей. Направление будущих исследований — углубленный анализ выявленных ограничений с применением бенчмаркинга с целью выявления ключевых причин несовершенств инновационной политики регионов выборки.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Соловьева Ирина Александровна , Подшивалова Мария Владимировна , Хайруллина Ольга Юрьевна , Кулакова Валерия Анатольевна
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