Паттерны межрегиональной мобильности российских ученых и готовность к переездам в будущем
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-1-13Аннотация
Тема мобильности высококвалифицированных кадров тесно связана с вопросом эффективного распределения человеческих ресурсов между странами и регионами, определяющего перспективы их инновационного развития. В фокусе данного исследования — внутрироссийская мобильность: переезды ученых из одних городов и субъектов РФ в другие. На основании данных анкетного опроса 1880 российских исследователей проанализированы фактические перемещения ученых (переезды с целью получения образования, опыт работы в других регионах и странах) и установка на мобильность — готовность к переезду ради интересного проекта и / или работы с устраивающим уровнем оплаты труда. Проанализированы профили исследователей в зависимости от характерного для них паттерна мобильности, а также выделены характеристики российского ученого, готового к переезду в малый город. Переезды между регионами происходят в основном на этапе получения образования или сразу после него. В дальнейшем большинство исследователей лояльны к одному месту работы и не меняют его годами. Ученые, у которых уже был опыт межрегиональной мобильности, чаще готовы рассматривать для себя вариант переезда в будущем (формируется установка на мобильность). Существует категория исследователей, готовых к переезду как за границу или в крупные города России, так и в небольшие города. Ученых, не готовых переезжать в малые города, беспокоят перспективы профессионального роста, сложности для семьи, иной стиль жизни, смена профессионального и личного круга общения. Эти аспекты необходимо учитывать при разработке различных программ и мер, направленных на развитие региональных научно-образовательных центров и на стимулирование внутрироссийской академической мобильности.
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