Rankings and the Typology of Russian Regions by Housing Affordability and Availability in the 1990s–2020s
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2024-3-11Keywords:
housing sector, housing construction, ranking, rating, classification, typology, housing affordability, housing security, individual housing construction, region, Russian FederationAbstract
Until the present, the common approaches predominantly employed by the government of the Russian Federation in fostering mortgage lending have not yet resulted in reduction of regional imbalances and, moreover, contributed to exacerbation of the problem of housing affordability during last five years. Thus, it became objectively necessary to differentiate the policy on housing construction in accordance with the housing market’s features in the Russian regions. Having identified some shortcomings in the Russian-language studies that made use of standalone, integral and groups of indicators as well as classifications of regions, this article proposes an approach to ranking and composing a typology of Russian regions based on the calculations of nine indicators. These are regional shares in all-Russian housing construction volumes in urban and rural settlements during the 1990s–2020s compared with average regional shares in the total population, changes in the average size of apartments and individual houses built, average housing affordability coefficients and the average share of individual housing construction in total housing construction in the medium term. The calculated indicators reveal considerable volumes of second housing construction within largest agglomerations and the increasing share of individual housing construction in 51 regions. It was also found that the average size of apartments built decreased in 79 Russian regions during the 2000–2020s, and there was 1.4 to 3.5-fold difference across regions in the average size of apartments and individual houses built. As a result, nine classifications of regions were composed comprising five groups each and a typology of Russian regions consisting of 16 types / subtypes characterising housing affordability and housing availability. The proposed author’s typology of Russian regions allows enhancing or adjusting the state housing policy taking into account regional housing markets’ differences between urban and rural settlements and between the sectors of apartment buildings and individual housing
References
André, Ch., & Chalaux Th. (2018). Building a Typology of Housing Systems to Inform Policies in OECD and EU Member States. Economie et Statistique / Economics and Statistics, (500-502), 13-36. https://doi.org/10.24187/ecostat.2018.500t.1943
Arbaci, S. (2019). Paradoxes of Segregation: Housing Systems, Welfare Regimes and Ethnic Residential Change in Southern European Cities. John Wiley & Sons, 370. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118867365
Astakhova, E. A., Kalyugina, S. N., & Bobov, G. I. (2021). Analysis of the Current Situation in the Field of Housing Construction. Vestnik Severo-Kavkazskogo federalnogo universiteta [Newsletter of North-Caucasus Federal University], 3 (84), 7-17. https://doi.org/10.37493/2307-907X.2021.3.1 (In Russ.)
Boelhouwer, P., & Van der Heijden, H. (1992). Housing Systems in Europe: Part I. A Comparative Study of Housing Policy. Housing and Urban Policy Studies. Delft: Delft University Press.
Bukina, I. S., Odintsova, A. V., & Orekhovsky, P. A. (2019). Housing Construction, Regional Economic Growth and the Quality of Management. Vestnik Instituta ekonomiki Rossiyskoy akademii nauk [The Bulletin of the Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences], (5), 62-86. https://doi.org/10.24411/2073–6487-2019–10059 (In Russ.)
Bunting, T., Walks, A. R., & Fillion, P. (2004). The Uneven Geography of Housing Affordability Stress in Canadian Metropolitan Areas. Housing Studies, 19 (3), 361-393. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267303042000204287
Cherepovich, A. V. (2013). Analysis of availability of housing in secondary market of Moscow with use of integrated indexes. Finansy i Kredit [Finance and Credit], 24 (552), 68-77. (In Russ.)
Emelyanova, E. E., & Chapargina, A. N. (2020). Assessing the Regional Housing Market Development in the Northern and Arctic Regions of the Russian Federation. Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast, 13 (5), 105-120. https://doi.org/10.15838/esc.2020.5.71.6
Fomina, V. F., & Fomin, А. V. (2019). Evaluation of the comfort of the housing and communal conditions in rural areas of the Republic of Komi. Sever i rynok: formirovanie ekonomicheskogo poryadka [The North and the Market: Forming the Economic Order], 2 (64), 88-105. (In Russ.)
Gimadieva, L. Sh. (2023). Territorial Differentiation of Housing Construction Indicators in the Volga Federal District. Vestnik evraziyskoy nauki [The Eurasian Scientific Journal], 15 (5), 43. (In Russ.)
Glaeser, E. L., & Gyourko J. (2002). The Impact of Zoning on Housing Affordability. NBER Working Paper 8835. Washington, DC: National Bureau of Economic Research, 37.
Grishanov, V. I., & Guzanova, A. K. (2012). Regional and Social Differences in Housing and Communal Services’ Affordability. In: Kachestvo i uroven zhizni naseleniya v sovremennoy Rossii: sostoyanie, tendentsii i perspektivy. Sbornik materialov Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii [Quality and Standard of Living of the Population of Modern Russia: Current State and Perspectives. Proceedings of the International Academic and Practical Conference] (pp. 75-89). Moskva: “M-Studio” Ltd. (In Russ.)
Hoekstra, J. (2020). Comparing Local Instead of National Housing Regimes? Towards International Comparative Housing Research 2.0. Critical Housing Analysis, 7 (1), 74-85. https://doi.org/10.13060/23362839.2020.7.1.505
IMF. (2008). World Economic Outlook, April 2008: Housing and the Business Cycle. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund, 282.
Korosteleva, T. S., & Tselin, V. E. (2021). Regional housing markets in the Russian Federation: ranking assessment modeling, forecast, management. Zhilishchnye strategii [Russian Journal of Housing Research], 3 (8), 257-282. https://doi.org/10.18334/zhs.8.3.113156 (In Russ.)
Kosareva, N. B., & Polidi, T. D. (2019). Housing affordability in Russia and foreign countries. Voprosy Ekonomiki, (7), 29-51. https://doi.org/10.32609/0042–8736-2019-7-29-51 (In Russ.)
Kosareva, N. B., & Tumanov, A. A. (2007). Evaluation of Housing Affordability in Russia. Voprosy Ekonomiki, (7), 136-151. https://doi.org/ 10.32609/0042–8736-2007-7-136-151 (In Russ.)
Levitin, A. J., & Wachter, S. M. (2013). Why Housing? Housing Policy Debate, 23, 5-27.
Lokosov, V. V., Ryumina, E. V., & Ulyanov, V. V. (2019). Clustering of regions by indicators of quality of life and quality of population. Narodonaselenie [Population], 4 (22), 4-17. https://doi.org/10.24411/1561–7785-2019–00035 (In Russ.)
Maclennan, D. (2012). Understanding Housing Markets: Real Progress or Stalled Agendas? In: D. F. Clapham, W. A. V. Clark, K. Gibb (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Housing Studies (pp. 5-26). Clapham, London: SAGE.
Mamleeva, E. R., Sazykina, M. Yu., & Trofimova, N. V. (2021). Assessing the level of differentiation of the Volga Federal District regions by the level of residential penetration and the housing stock improvement. Zhilishchnye strategii [Russian Journal of Housing Research], 4 (8), 385-398. https://doi.org/10.18334/zhs.8.4.113744 (In Russ.)
Manaeva, I. V. (2023). Model for Assessing the Benefits of Living in Russian Cities. Ekonomika regiona [Economy of regions], 19 (4), 985-1002. https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-4-4 (In Russ.)
Matznetter, W. (2020). Integrating Varieties of Capitalism, Welfare Regimes, and Housing at Multiple Levels and in the Long Run. Critical Housing Analysis, 7 (1), 63-73. https://doi.org/10.13060/23362839.2020.7.1.504
Mikheeva, O. M. (2022). The most important trends in the development of the housing sector in the largest agglomerations. Zhilishchnye strategii [Russian Journal of Housing Research], 1 (9), 11-38. https://doi.org/10.18334/zhs.9.1.114582 (In Russ.)
Minchenko, M. M., & Nozdrina, N. N. (2017). The Dynamics of Housing Affordability for the Population of Russia in 2008–2014. Problemy prognozirovaniya [Studies on Russian Economic Development], 2 (161), 89-105. (In Russ.)
Minchenko, M. M., Nozdrina, N. N., & Yankov, K. V. (2022). On the Role of Individual Housing Construction in Developing the Housing Sector of the Regions of Russia. In: Sistemnoe modelirovanie sotsialno-ekonomicheskikh protsessov. Trudy 45-oy Yubileynoy mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy shkoly-seminara [System modelling of social-economic processes: The Material of the 45th Anniversary international scientific school-seminar] (pp. 307-312). Voronezh: Publishing House “Istoki”. (In Russ.)
Norris, M., & Shiels, P. (2007). Housing Inequalities in an Enlarged European Union: Patterns, Drivers, Implications. Journal of European Social Policy, 17 (1), 65-76. https://doi.org/10.1177/0958928707071893
Nozdrina, N. N. (2009). The evaluation of the level of development of the housing sector in the regions of Russia. Nauchnye trudy: Institut narodnokhozyaystvennogo prognozirovaniya RAN [Scientific Articles — Institute of Economic Forecasting Russian Academy of Science], (7), 659-687. (In Russ.)
Nozdrina, N. N., & Schneiderman, I. M. (2023). The Dynamics of Housing Affordability in Russia and its Regions. In: Dokhody, raskhody i sberezheniya naseleniya Rossii: tendentsii i perspektivy: materialy VIII Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii [Earnings, Expenditures and Savings of the Population of Russia: Trends and Perspectives. Proceedings of the VIII International Academic and Practical Conference] (pp. 171-176). Moskva: ISESP FCTAS RAS. (In Russ.)
Nozdrina, N. N., Minchenko, M. M., & Yankov, K. V. (2021). Analysis of the State of the Housing Stock of the Far Eastern Regions. Problemy prognozirovaniya [Studies on Russian Economic Development], (5), 111-123. (in Russ.)
Nuuter, T., Lill, I., & Tupenaite, L. (2014). Ranking of Housing Market Sustainability in Selected European Countries. WSEAS Transactions on Business and Economics, (11), 778-786.
OECD. (2008). Handbook on Constructing Composite Indicators: Methodology and User Guide. Paris: OECD, 162.
Pchelintsev, O. S., Aryanin, A. N., Minchenko, M. M., Nozdrina, N. N., & Shcherbakova, E. M. (2006). Development of Socio-Economic Infrastructure in Russia: Regional Aspects. Nauchnye trudy: Institut narodnokhozyaystvennogo prognozirovaniya RAN [Scientific Articles — Institute of Economic Forecasting Russian Academy of Science], (4), 508-534. (In Russ.)
Pilipenko, I. V. (2023). Zhilishchnoe stroitelstvo v respublikakh SSSR za 70 let: makroanaliz [Housing Construction in the Republics of the USSR During the 70-Year Period: a Macroanalysis]. Moscow: Publishing House “Scientific Library”, 600. (In Russ.)
Priemus, H., Dieleman, F., & Clapham, D. (1999). Current Developments in Social Housing Management. Netherlands Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 4 (3), 211-223.
Rabtsevich, O. V., & Uvarova A. A. (2020). Housing affordability in Russian regions: analysis and aggregate assessment. Ekonomika stroitelstva i prirodopolzovaniya [Construction Economic and Environmental Management], 4 (77), 39-49. https://doi.org/10.37279/2519–4453-2020-4-39-49 (In Russ.)
Raková, B., Žítek, V., & Klímová V. (2024). Country Typology Reflecting (Sub)National Conditions for Housing Policy Implementation. Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development, 8 (5), 3451. https://doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v8i5.3451
Schneiderman, I. M. (2013). Development of low-rise housing and its role in raising the quality of life of population. Narodonaselenie [Population], 3 (61), 59-67. (In Russ.)
Schneiderman, I. M., & Guzanova, A. K. (2021). Second Housing as a Solution of the Housing Problem and for Improving the Quality of Life of the Population of Russia. In: Dokhody, raskhody i sberezheniya naseleniya Rossii: tendentsii i perspektivy: materialy VIII Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii [Earnings, Expenditures and Savings of the Population of Russia: Trends and Perspectives. Proceedings of the VIII International Academic and Practical Conference] (pp. 280-286). Moskva: FCTAS RAS. (In Russ.)
Schneiderman, I. M., & Nozdrina, N. N. (2014). Experience of integral features of the housing sphere development level in regions of the Russian Federation. Voprosy Statistiki, (1), 64-73. (In Russ.)
Schneiderman, I. M., & Pilipenko, I. V. (2023). Upgrading water supply and wastewater collection systems in rural areas as a way to improve quality of life of the population of Russia. Narodonaselenie [Population], 26 (1), 147-159. https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2023.26.1.12 (in Russ.)
Schneiderman, I. M., Grishanov, V. I., Guzanova, A. K., & Nozdrina, N. N. (2019). The problems of dilapidated and emergency housing in Russia. Narodonaselenie [Population], 22 (4), 18-35. https://doi.org/10.24411/1561–7785-2019–00036 (In Russ.)
Sharov, S. Yu. (2017). Experience of individual housing construction in Belgorod oblast. Narodonaselenie [Population], 4 (78), 135-148. https://doi.org/10.26653/1561–7785-2017-4-10 (In Russ.)
Stephens, M. (2020). Towards a Multi-layered Housing Regime Framework: Responses to Commentators. Housing Theory and Society, 37 (5), 584-596. https://doi.org/10.1080/14036096.2020.1816573
Sternik, G. M., & Krasnopol’skaya, A. N. (2009). Elaborating a Method of a Multi-Factor Assessment of Housing Affordability. Imushchestvennye otnosheniya v Rossiyskoy Federatsii [Property Relations in the Russian Federation], 1 (88), 26-38. (In Russ.)
Sternik, G. M., Sternik, S. G., & Apalkov, A. A. (2014). The new method for housing affordability assessment. Urbanistika i rynok nedvizhimosti [Urban Geography and the Real Estate Market], (2), 31-49. https://doi.org/10.7256/2313–0539.2014.2.12020 (In Russ.)
Terrar, T., & Richards, D. (1989). Solving the Housing Problem: A Note on the Comparison of U.S. and Foreign Housing Statistics. International Journal for Housing Science and Its Applications, 13 (2), 87-108.
The Institute for Urban Economics. (2019). Analiz sostoyaniya zhilishchnoy sfery na territoriyakh osnovnykh rossiyskikh gorodskikh aglomeratsiy [The Analysis of the Housing Sector Condition on the Territories of Main Russian Urban]. Moskva: IUE, 97. (In Russ.)
Yankov, K. V. Nozdrina, N. N., & Minchenko, M. M. (2022). Housing stock and housing affordability in the Far East and in the Khabarovsk Territory: comparative analysis. Zhilishchnye strategii [Russian Journal of Housing Research], 9 (2), 189-211. (In Russ.)
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Пилипенко Игорь Валерьевич
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
