Improving the Ranking of Russian Smart Cities
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-4-6Keywords:
smart city, sustainable development, industry 4.0, sustainable development management, city ranking, comprehensive assessment, sustainable city, smartness indicators, competitive city, rating systemAbstract
Digitalisation and urbanisation have led to smart city becoming a key element of the concept of sustainable development, acting as an object of sustainable development management. Thus, a smart city must become a sustainable smart city. The first step is the creation of the system of current state diagnostics or smart city ranking. This ranking should consider international standards, the specificity of Russian urban development, as well as various components of sustainable development. It is hypothesised that the ranking methodology reflecting these components can be used to analyse the dynamics of sustainable development based on the chosen criteria and factors. To assess social, environmental, economic and management components of cities with a population of more than 100,000 people, the proposed technique relies on the theory of multiple comparisons and the distance method. The comprehensive assessment of smart cities includes 71 indicators grouped into 8 criteria: people, social cohesion, economy, management, ecology and the environment, transport, urban planning, technology. The study analysed Russian and international statistical databases, as well as data from industry agencies. The ranking of 171 cities was developed; regional features of Russian smart cities were identified using the selected criteria. The cities of Moscow, St. Petersburg, Balashikha, Krasnodar and Kazan are at the top of the ranking. The leadership of the Central Federal District and a significant differentiation by the criteria “urban planning” and “technology” are the key regional features. Annual comprehensive assessment can be used to track the dynamics of the development of smart cities, evaluate the effectiveness of decision-making and implementation, plan urban development based on federal and regional digitalisation projects, as well as create strategies to enhance the sustainability of Russian smart cities.
References
Abu-Rayash, A. & Dincer, I. (2021). Development of integrated sustainability performance indicators for better management of smart cities. Sustainable Cities and Society, 67, 102704. DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2020.102704.
Ahvenniemi, H., Huovila, A., Pinto-Sepp, I. & Airaksinen, M. (2017). What are the differences between sustainable and smart cities? Cities, 60, 234-245. DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2016.09.009.
Akatov, N. B., Tolchin, S. V., Molyanov, P. V. & Popov, A. V. (2018). “Smart city” project: preconditions for feasibility and success. Vestnik PNIPU. Sotsialno-ekonomicheskie nauki [PNRPU Sociology and Economics Bulletin], 2, 116-126. DOI: doi.org/10.15593/2224-9354/2018.2.12. (In Russ.)
Amirova, E. F., Voronkova, O. Yu., Zakirova, N. R., Stepanenko, O. G., Doguchaeva, S. M. & Murzagalina, G. M. (2019). Internet of things as a tool for development of Russia’s digital economy. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 10(2), 1011-1019.
Belyaeva, N. B. & Mingaleeva, E. D. (2019). Smart-city concept and its implementation in Russia and Northern Europe. Izvestiya Sankt-Peterburgskogo gosudarstvennogo ekonomicheskogo universiteta, 5-1(119), 95-98. (In Russ.)
Bhattacharya, T. R., Bhattacharya, A., Mclellan, B. & Tezuka, T. (2020). Sustainable smart city development framework for developing countries. Urban Research and Practice, 13(2), 180-212. DOI: 10.1080/17535069.2018.1537003.
Cao, Y., Zhang, G. & Ou, C. (2020). Application of Financial Cloud in the Sustainable Development of Smart Cities. Complexity, 2020, 8882253. DOI: 10.1155/2020/8882253.
Kamolov, S. G. & Korneeva, A. M. (2018). Future Technologies for Smart Cities. Vestnik MGOU. Seriya: Ekonomika. [Bulletin of the Moscow Region State University. Series: Economics], 2, 100–114. DOI: doi.org/10.18384/2310-6646-2018-2-100-114. (In Russ.)
Karagulyan, E. A., Zakharova, O. V., Batyreva, M. V. & Dusseault, D. L. (2020). Smart City — Prosperity for All? Zhurnal Economicheskoy Teorii [Russian Journal of Economic Theory], 17(3), 657-678. DOI: doi.org/10.31063/2073-6517/2020.17-3.11. (In Russ.)
Karminsky, A. M. & Polozov, A. A. (2016). Entsiklopediya reytingov: ekonomika, obshchestvo, sport [Encyclopedia of ratings: economy, society, sport]. Moscow: Forum, Infra-M, 448. (In Russ.)
Kharlamov, A. V. & Kharlamova, T. L. (2020). Sustainable development of the Russian economy in the context of global instability. In: Proceedings of the 33rd International Business Information Management Association Conference, IBIMA 2019: Education Excellence and Innovation Management through Vision 2020 (pp. 822-830). Granada, Spain.
Khudyakova, T., Shmidt, A. & Shmidt, S. (2020). Sustainable development of smart cities in the context of the implementation of the tire recycling program. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 8(2), 698-715. DOI: 10.9770/jesi.2020.8.2(42).
Li, X., Fong, P. S. W., Dai, S. & Li, Y. (2019). Towards sustainable smart cities: An empirical comparative assessment and development pattern optimization in China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 215, 730-743. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.046.
Liu, Y., Du, W., Chen, N. & Wang, X. (2020). Construction and Evaluation of the Integrated Perception Ecological Environment Indicator (IPEEI) Based on the DPSIR Framework for Smart Sustainable Cities. Sustainability, 12, 7112. DOI: 10.3390/su12177112.
Lyaskovskaya, E. A. (2021). Digitalization of the Russian Federation: a Study of Regional Aspects of Digital Inclusion. Vestnik Yuzhno-Uralskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Ekonomika i menedzhment [Bulletin of the South Ural State University. Ser. Economics and Management], 15(1), 45–56. DOI: doi.org/10.14529/em210105. (In Russ.)
Magdy, E., Zaki, T. & Bayoumi, W. (2020). Designing rapid rating system of smart economy to sustain and develop cities in Egypt. International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, 13(11), 3431-3443.
Mentsiev, A. U., Engel, M. V. & Gudaeva, D.-M. M.-E. (2020). Impact of IoT on the automation of processes in Smart Cities: Security issues and world experience. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1515(2), 022026. DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1515/2/022026.
Mukhametov, D. R. (2019). Geography and development models of “smart cities” in Russia. Regionalnye problemy preobrazovaniya ekonomiki [Regional problems of transforming the economy], 7(105), 46–52. (In Russ.)
Nižetić, S., Djilali, N., Papadopoulos, A. & Rodrigues, J. (2019). Smart technologies for promotion of energy efficiency, utilization of sustainable resources and waste management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 231, 565-591. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.397.
Pira, M. (2020). A novel taxonomy of smart sustainable city indicators. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 8(1), 197. DOI: 10.1057/s41599-021-00879-7.
Puzanov, K. A. & Shubina, D. O. (2019). “Smart City” or the “Smartness” of the City: The Effectiveness of Use of Urban Innovations in the US. Gorodskie issledovaniya i praktiki [Urban Studies and Practices], 4(1), 29–42 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17323/usp41201929-42. (In Russ.)
Ramazanov, S., Antoshkina, L., Babenko, V. & Akhmedov, R. (2019). Integrated model of stochastic dynamics for control of a socio-ecological-oriented innovation economy. Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 7, 763-773. DOI: 10.21533/pen.v7i2.557.
Shchemeleva, Yu. B. (2019). Smart city: yesterday, today, tomorrow. Vestnik Adygeyskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. 1. Regionovedenie: filosofiya, istoriya, sotsiologiya, yurisprudentsiya, politologiya, kulturologiya [ The Bulletin of the Adyghe State University, the series “Region Studies: Philosophy, History, Sociology, Jurisprudence, Political Sciences and Culturology], 3(244), 141-148. (In Russ.)
Shmelev, S. E. & Shmeleva, I. A. (2018). Global urban sustainability assessment: A multidimensional approach. Sustainable Development, 26(6), 904-920. DOI: 10.1002/sd.1887.
Shmeleva, I. A. & Shmelev, S. E. (2019). Global cities: multiparametric evaluation of their sustainable development. Biosfera [Biosphere], 1, 1–18. DOI: doi.org/10.24855/biosfera.v11i1.470. (In Russ.)
Suganthi, L. (2018). Multi expert and multi criteria evaluation of sectoral investments for sustainable development: An integrated fuzzy AHP, VIKOR / DEA methodology. Sustainable Cities and Society, 43, 144-156. DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2018.08.022.
Vasilenko, I. A. & Egorova, A. N. (2019). Development of Socio-Political Concept of “Smart City” in Russian Regions (Cases of Sarov, Elabuga, Sochi). Gosudarstvennoe upravlenie. Elektronnyy vestnik [Public Administration. E-journal], 77, 188-211. DOI: doi.org/10.24411/2070-1381-2019-10024. (In Russ.)
Veselova, A. O., Khatskelevich, A. N. & Ezhova, L. S. (2018). Prospects to create “smart cities” in Russia: classification of problems and their solutions. Vestnik Permskogo universiteta. Seria Ekonomika. [Perm University Herald. Economy], 13(1), 75–89. DOI: doi.org/10.17072/1994-9960-2018-1-75-89. (In Russ.)
Wang, J.-X. (2018). Modeling for the measurement of smart city. In: International Conference on Management Science and Engineering — Annual Conference Proceedings, 2017-August (pp. 511-517). China. DOI: 10.1109/ ICMSE.2017.8574416.
