2072-64142411-1406

10.17059/ekon.reg.2024-4-6

Prerequisites and Consequences of Territorial Servitisation in Russian Regions

Предпосылки и последствия территориальной сервисизации в российских регионах

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2193-1619

Pushkarev

Andrey A.

Пушкарев

Андрей Александрович

a.a.pushkarev@urfu.ru

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1490-779X

Ruzhanskaya

Lyudmila S.

Ружанская

Людмила Станиславовна

l.s.ruzhanskaya@urfu.ru

https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3431-5471

Tyazhelnikov

Valentin D.

Тяжельников

Валентин Дмитриевич

V.D.Tiazhelnikov@at.urfu.ru

Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. YeltsinУральский федеральный университет им. первого Президента России Б. Н. Ельцина

20410581073

2024

Andrey A. Pushkarev, Lyudmila S. Ruzhanskaya, Valentin D. Tyazhelnikov

CC BY 4.0

2024

Андрей Александрович Пушкарев, Людмила Станиславовна Ружанская, Валентин Дмитриевич Тяжельников

CC BY 4.0

https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/view/824

https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/download/824/356

The need to find new sources of economic growth in industrial and old industrial areas determines the importance of research into the relationship between knowledge-intensive business services and industrial development in regions. This paper aims to explore how Russian regions participate in territorial servitisation, focusing on the growth of knowledge-intensive business service activities. The study also seeks to determine whether this participation helps boost productivity in manufacturing companies by implementing a servitisation strategy—specifically, by adding services to their products. The proposed analytical framework addresses the gap between research on the effects of servitisation strategies and the potential for enhancing a region’s industrial capacity through the knowledge-intensive business services sector. This study is the first to use Russian data to explore the concept of territorial servitisation, thereby contributing to the advancement of this topic in economic literature through its novel methodology. The research employs a three-step CDM model with fixed effects for panel data. Based on the econometric analysis of manufacturing companies across 56 Russian regions, the findings indicate that the integration of knowledge-intensive business services into the regional economy is positively influenced by market size and an increase in the number of manufacturing firms. Moreover, the anticipated growth rate of knowledge-intensive services is positively associated with the servitisation of manufacturing firms in the region. In addition, the study shows a positive correlation between the projected share of employment in servitised firms and productivity in manufacturing firms, as measured by output per employee. The results of this study can inform policy-making in regional economic and industrial development. However, the study faces limitations related to the challenges of accurately capturing the actual use of service classifications (OKVEDs) by Russian manufacturing companies.

Необходимость поиска новых источников экономического роста в индустриальных и старопромышленных районах определяет важность исследования взаимосвязи наукоемких бизнес-услуг и промышленного развития в регионах. Цель статьи — проанализировать, насколько российские регионы вовлечены в процесс территориальной сервисизации с точки зрения распространения наукоемких видов деятельности в сфере деловых услуг и способствует ли это росту производительности в рамках реализации стратегии сервисизации промышленных компаний, то есть добавления к выпускаемому продукту услуг. Предложенная авторами аналитическая рамка восполняет разрыв между исследованиями в области последствий применения промышленными компаниями стратегии сервисизации и возможностями развития промышленного потенциала региона за счет сектора наукоемких бизнес-услуг. Работа представляет собой первое исследование с использованием российских данных в области территориальной сервисизации и развивает это направление в экономической литературе в части применяемой методологии исследования. В исследовании предложено использование трехшаговой CDM-модели с фиксированными эффектами для панельных данных. На основе эконометрического оценивания данных компаний обрабатывающей промышленности в 56 регионах РФ в работе обнаружено, что на проникновение наукоемких бизнес-услуг в региональную экономику оказывает положительный эффект увеличение размера рынка и рост числа компаний обрабатывающей промышленности, а предсказанный уровень проникновения наукоемких услуг имеет позитивную связь с сервисизацией промышленных предприятий в регионе. Кроме того, удалось обнаружить положительный эффект от предсказанной доли занятых в сервисизованных компаниях для производительности в промышленных предприятиях, представленный выработкой на одного занятого. Результаты исследования могут быть применены при разработке мер государственной политики в области регионального развития и промышленной политики. Ограничения исследования связаны со сложностью фиксации фактического использования сервисных ОКВЭД российскими промышленными компаниями.

territorial servitisation, regional development, industrial development, knowledge-based business services, manufacturing companies, servitisation strategies, productivity, industrial policy

территориальная сервисизация, региональное развитие, промышленное развитие, наукоемкие бизнес-услуги, компании обрабатывающей промышленности, стратегии сервисизации, производительность, промышленная политика

The research was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Development Program of the Ural Federal University within the Priority Program-2030).

Статья подготовлена при поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации (Программа развития Уральского федерального университета в рамках Приоритетной программы-2030).

Колосовский, Н. Н. (1958). Основы экономического районирования. Москва: Государственное издательство политической литературы, 200.

Aiginger, K., & Rodrik, D. (2020). Rebirth of industrial policy and an agenda for the twenty-first century. Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, 20, 189-207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10842-019-00322-3

Симачёв, Ю. В., Федюнина, А. А., Ружанская, Л. С., Кузык, М. Г., Юревич, М. А., Городный, Н. А., Тя¬жельников, В. Д., Артемьева, К. А. (2022). Услуга за услугу: сервисизация промышленности требует новой промышленной политики. Докл. к XXIII Ясинской (апрельской) междунар. науч. конф. по проблемам развития экономики и общества. Москва: Нац. исслед. ун-т «Высшая школа экономики».

Araya, M., Horváth, K., & Leiva, J. C. (2020). The role of county competitiveness and manufacturing activity on the development of business service sectors: A precursor to territorial servitization. Investigaciones Regionales-Journal of Regional Research, (48), 19-35. https://doi.org/10.38191/iirr-jorr.20.018

Фонотов, А. Г., Бергаль, О. Е. (2019). Территориальные кластеры как механизм пространственного развития экономики России. Журнал экономической теории, 16 (4), 673-687. https://doi.org/10.31063/2073–6517/2019.16-4.6

Ariu, A., Breinlich, H., Corcos, G., & Mion, G. (2019). The interconnections between services and goods trade at the firm-level. Journal of International Economics, 116, 173-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2018.10.005

Baldoni, E., De Propris, L., & Storai, D. (2022). Territorial servitisation in Italian industrial districts: the role of technological and professional KIBS. Competitiveness Review, 32 (5), 743-759. https://doi.org/10.1108/CR-11-2021–0152

Balland, P. A., & Boschma, R. (2021). Complementary interregional linkages and Smart Specialisation: An empirical study on European regions. Regional Studies, 55 (6), 1059–1070. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2020.1861240

Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of personality and social psychology, 51 (6), 1173–1182. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022–3514.51.6.1173

Bergman, E. M., & Feser, E. J. (2020). Industrial and regional clusters: concepts and comparative applications.

Bustinza, O. F., Gomes, E., Vendrell-Herrero, F., & Baines, T. (2019). Product–service innovation and performance: the role of collaborative partnerships and R&D intensity. R&D Management, 49 (1), 33-45. https://doi.org/10.1111/radm.12269

Cadestin, C., & Miroudot, S. (2020). Services exported together with goods. OECD Trade Policy Papers, (236). OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/275e520a-en

Bergman, E. M., & Feser, E. J. (2020). Industrial and regional clusters: concepts and comparative applications.

Chen, G., Liu, Y., Gao, Q., & Zhang, J. (2023). Does regional services development enhance manufacturing firm productivity? A manufacturing servitization perspective. International Review of Economics & Finance, 86, 451-466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2023.03.020

Chen, Y., Wu, Z., Yi, W., Wang, B., Yao, J., Pei, Z., & Chen, J. (2022). Bibliometric Method for Manufacturing Servitization: A Review and Future Research Directions. Sustainability, 14 (14), 8743. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14148743

Cadestin, C., & Miroudot, S. (2020). Services exported together with goods. OECD Trade Policy Papers, (236). OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/275e520a-en

Crépon, B., Duguet, E., & Mairesse, J. (2000). Mesurer le rendement de l’innovation. Economie et statistique, 334 (1), 65-78.

Crozet, M., & Milet, E. (2017). Should everybody be in services? The effect of servitization on manufacturing firm performance. Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, 26 (4), 820-841. https://doi.org/10.1111/jems.12211

De Propris, L., & Storai, D. (2019). Servitizing industrial regions. Regional Studies, 53 (3), 388-397. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2018.1538553

Crépon, B., Duguet, E., & Mairesse, J. (2000). Mesurer le rendement de l’innovation. Economie et statistique, 334 (1), 65-78.

Eurostat. (2016). Glossary: Knowledge—intensive services (KIS). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Glossary:Knowledge-intensive_services_(KIS) (Date of access: 01.01.2024)

Fonotov, A. G., & Bergal, O. E. (2019). Territorial Clusters as a Mechanism for Spatial Development of Russian Economy. Zhurnal ekonomicheskoj teorii [Russian Journal of Economic Theory], 16 (4), 673-687. https://doi.org/10.31063/2073–6517/2019.16-4.6 (In Russ.)

De Propris, L., & Storai, D. (2019). Servitizing industrial regions. Regional Studies, 53 (3), 388-397. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2018.1538553

Friesenbichler, K. S., & Kügler, A. (2022). Servitization across countries and sectors: Evidence from world input-output data. Economic Systems, 46 (3), 101014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecosys.2022.101014

Gallego, J., & Maroto, A. (2015). The specialization in knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) across Europe: Permanent co-localization to debate. Regional Studies, 49 (4), 644-664. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2013.799762

Gebauer, H., Saul, C. J., Haldimann, M., & Gustafsson, A. (2017). Organizational capabilities for pay-per-use services in product-oriented companies. International Journal of Production Economics, 192, 157-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2016.12.007

Gereffi, G., Fernandez-Stark, K., & Psilos, P. (2011). Skills for upgrading: Workforce development and global value chains in developing countries. Duke Center on Globalization, Governance and Competitiveness.

Gomes, E., Bustinza, O. F., Tarba, S., Khan, Z., & Ahammad, M. (2019). Antecedents and implications of territorial servitization. Regional Studies, 53 (3), 410-423. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2018.1468076

Greene, W. H. (2008). The econometric approach to efficiency analysis. The measurement of productive efficiency and productivity growth, 1 (1), 92-250.

Horváth, K., & Rabetino, R. (2019). Knowledge-intensive territorial servitization: regional driving forces and the role of the entrepreneurial ecosystem. Regional Studies, 53 (3), 330-340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2018.1469741

Greene, W. H. (2008). The econometric approach to efficiency analysis. The measurement of productive efficiency and productivity growth, 1 (1), 92-250.

Kharlamov, A. A., & Parry, G. (2021). The impact of servitization and digitization on productivity and profitability of the firm: a systematic approach. Production Planning & Control, 32 (3), 185-197. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2020.1718793

Kohtamäki, M., Parida, V., Patel, P. C., & Gebauer, H. (2020). The relationship between digitalization and servitization: The role of servitization in capturing the financial potential of digitalization. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 151, 119804. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2019.119804

Kolosovsky, N. N. (1958). Osnovy ekonomicheskogo rayonirovaniya [Basics of economic zoning]. Moscow: State Publishing House of Political Literature. (In Russ.)

Lafuente, E., Vaillant, Y., & Vendrell-Herrero, F. (2017). Territorial servitization: Exploring the virtuous circle connecting knowledge-intensive services and new manufacturing businesses. International Journal of Production Economics, 192, 19-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2016.12.006

Leckel, A., Veilleux, S., & Dana, L. P. (2020). Local Open Innovation: A means for public policy to increase collaboration for innovation in SMEs. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 153, 119891. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2019.119891

Lombardi, S., Santini, E., & Vecciolini, C. (2022). Drivers of territorial servitization: An empirical analysis of manufacturing productivity in local value chains. International Journal of Production Economics, 253, 108607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2022.108607

Lyu, T., Lyu, X., Chen, H., & Zhao, Q. (2023). Breaking away from servitization paradox to improve manufacturing enterprises’ service innovation performance: the roles of market orientation and service supply chain dynamic capability. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 36 (6), 848-874. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOCM-04-2023–0131

Marshall, A. (1890). Principles of Economics. Palgrave Macmillan UK.

Mastrogiacomo, L., Barravecchia, F., & Franceschini, F. (2017). A general overview of manufacturing servitization in Italy. Procedia CIRP, 64, 121-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2017.03.010

Miles, I., Kastrinos, N., Flanagan, K., Bilderbeek, R., Den Hertog, P., Huntink, W., & Bouman, M. (1995). Knowledge-intensive business services. Users, Carriers and Sources of Innovation. (European Innovation Monitoring System (EIMS) Reports). European Commission.

Miroudot, S., & Cadestin, C. (2017). Services in global value chains: From inputs to value-creating activities. OECD Trade Policy Papers, (197), OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/18166873

Porter, M. (1998). Clusters and the New Economic Competition. Harvard Business Review.

Rapaccini, M., Paiola, M., Cinquini, L., & Giannetti, R. (2023). Digital servitization journey in small-and medium-sized enterprises: the contribution of knowledge-intensive business firms. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 38 (6), 1362–1375. https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-01-2022–0008

Sforzi, F., & Boix, R. (2019). Territorial servitization in Marshallian industrial districts: the industrial district as a place-based form of servitization. Regional Studies, 53 (3), 398-409. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2018.1524134

Shikata, N., Goto, S., & Gemba, K. (2019). Servitisation of manufacturing industry in Japan. Forum Scientiae Oeconomia, 7 (3), 19-30. https://doi.org/10.23762/FSO_VOL7_NO3_2

Simachev, Yu. V., Fedyunina, A. A., Ruzhanskaya, L. S., Kuzyk, M. G., Yurevich, M. A., Gorodnyi, N. A., Tya¬zhelnikov, V. D., & Artemyeva, K. A. (2022). Usluga za uslugu: servisizatsiya promyshlennosti trebuet novoi promyshlennoi politiki [A favor for a service: servitization of industry requires a new industrial policy]. Report to the XXIII Yasin (April) International Academic Conference on Economic and Social Development. Moscow: HSE University. (In Russ.)

Smith, A. (1776). The Wealth of Nations (W. Strahan and T. Cadell, London).

Surroca, J., Tribó, J. A., & Waddock, S. (2010). Corporate responsibility and financial performance: The role of intangible resources. Strategic management journal, 31 (5), 463-490. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.820

Tödtling, F., & Trippl, M. (2021). Regional innovation policies for new path development–beyond neo-liberal and traditional systemic views. Dislocation: Awkward Spatial Transitions (pp. 79-95). Routledge.

Vaillant, Y., Lafuente, E., & Vendrell-Herrero, F. (2023). Assessment of industrial pre-determinants for territories with active product-service innovation ecosystems. Technovation, 119, 102658. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2022.102658

Vendrell-Herrero, F., Gomes, E., Bustinza, O. F., & Mellahi, K. (2018). Uncovering the role of cross-border strategic alliances and expertise decision centralization in enhancing product-service innovation in MMNEs. International Business Review, 27 (4), 814-825. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2018.01.005

von Thünen, J. H. (1826). Isolated State. An English Edition of Der Isolierte Staat. Translated by Carla M. Wartenberg. Edited with an Introduction by Peter Hall. Pergamon Press.

Zhu, J., Zhang, J., Jiang, Z., & Li, J. (2023). Configurations for emerging market firms to achieve a high-level servitization strategy: evidence from Chinese manufacturing firms. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 34 (8), 1506–1526. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMTM-02-2023–0046