2072-64142411-140610.17059/ekon.reg.2023-3-18Accessibility of Energy from Renewable Energy Sources for Inhabitants of Arctic CitiesДоступность энергии из возобновляемых источников для жителей арктических городовhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9365-2945Stoyanov Aleksandr D.Стоянов Александр Дмитриевич sa1516l19s@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0813-9280Sakharova Anastasiya S. СахароваАнастасия Сергеевна an.sakharova.s@gmail.comNational Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute)Национальный исследовательский ядерный университет «МИФИ» (Московский инженерно-физический институт)HSE UniversityНациональный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»193860869Copyright © 2023 Aleksandr D. Stoyanov, Anastasiya S. SakharovaCopyright © 2023 Александр Дмитриевич Стоянов, Анастасия Сергеевна Сахарова2023Aleksandr D. Stoyanov, Anastasiya S. SakharovaАлександр Дмитриевич Стоянов, Анастасия Сергеевна СахароваCC BY 4.0https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/view/686https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/download/686/238

The subject of the present research is the assessment of access of residents of Northern cities to energy produced from renewable energy sources (RES). The largest Arctic cities in Russia, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark, the USA and Canada, located above 66 ° 33 ´ North latitude, are analysed. The importance of the study is due to the categorisation of access to RES as a fundamental good in the context of Sustainable Development Goals and fight against climate change. The work uses the index method, followed by ranking cities by the level of access to energy from RES. The following variables constitute the index: variety of operators, variety of types of energy sources, alternatives of energy sources, micro- and macro-generation support. It was found that residents of Kiruna and Tromsø have the best access to energy from renewable sources due to the support of initiatives at all levels, while Utqiagvik has the lowest indicator due to its isolation. Energy from renewable energy sources does not have a significant share in all of the cities under consideration; moreover, the market is often monopolised, which limits the choice and availability of various energy sources. Consequently, it is important to create suitable conditions for developing of RES on all levels, with the focus on micro level (as it makes ordinary people participate actively in the agenda, which is the key to support such remote areas with energy); otherwise it is unlikely to support the cities and territories of the region with energy from RES.

Предметом данного исследования является оценка доступа жителей северных городов к энергии, производимой возобновляемыми источниками (ВИЭ). С этой целью были проанализированы крупнейшие арктические города России, Швеции, Норвегии, Финляндии, Дании, США и Канады, находящиеся выше 66 ° 33 ´ северной широты. В статье представлен рейтинг доступности возобновляемых источников энергии, принимаемых за фундаментальное благо в контексте целей устойчивого развития и борьбы с изменением климата. При помощи индексного метода было проведено ранжирование городов по уровню доступа к энергии из ВИЭ. В основе индекса лежат следующие переменные: разнообразие поставщиков, разнообразие типов источников энергии, наличие альтернативных источников, государственная поддержка микро- и макрогенерации. Было выявлено, что энергия из ВИЭ наиболее доступна для жителей Кируны и Тромсё; такой результат был достигнут за счет поддержки соответствующих инициатив на всех уровнях. Наименьший показатель отмечен в городе Уткиагвик вследствие его изолированности. Не во всех из рассматриваемых городах энергия из ВИЭ занимает значительную долю рынка. Более того, зачастую рынок монополизирован, что ограничивает выбор и доступность различных источников энергии. Следовательно, важно создать подходящие условия для развития ВИЭ на всех уровнях, особенно на микроуровне (вовлечение индивидов является важным фактором обеспечения отдаленных местностей энергией); в противном случае представляется маловероятным обеспечение городов и территорий региона энергией из ВИЭ.

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