2072-64142411-1406

10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-2-6

SOCIO-ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF TOBACCO CONSUMPTION IN RUSSIAN REGIONS

СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ ДЕТЕРМИНАНТЫ ПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ ТАБАЧНОЙ ПРОДУКЦИИ В РЕГИОНАХ РОССИИ

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8282-6062

Doroshenko

Svetlana V.

Дорошенко

Светлана Викторовна

doroshenkos@mail.ru

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9826-9547

Sanaeva

Olga V.

Санаева

Ольга Владимировна

olg.sanaev@yandex.ru

Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of RASИнститут экономики УрО РАН

192370384

2023

Svetlana V. Doroshenko, Olga V. Sanaeva

Светлана Викторовна Дорошенко, Ольга Владимировна Санаева

CC BY 4.0

https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/view/358

https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/download/358/200

Nowadays, it is necessary to analyse the influence of various socio-economic factors on the regional heterogeneity of tobacco consumption in Russia, since there is a lack of econometric studies based on regional data. The present study aims to assess the impact of financial, economic and educational factors on tobacco consumption in Russian regions. To this end, a simultaneous quantile regression approach, resistant to outliers, was applied to separately estimate the influence of the above factors on regions classified as light and heavy smokers. Panel data on 82 Russian regions for the period 2005-2019 was examined. The dependent variable is the percentage of household expenditures on tobacco obtained from a sample survey of household budgets. The main independent variables are education, income, unemployment, loan debt. Control variables include alcohol consumption, male-to-female ratio, divorce rate, proportion of the rural population, binary variables. The invariance of the impact of factors relative to the percentiles of regions was revealed. The greatest differences are observed between light and heavy smokers regions (q10 and q90 groups). Individual loan debts, average per capita income, alcohol consumption, increase in excise tax, divorces and emergence of e-cigarettes are significant for regions with low tobacco consumption and insignificant for regions with high consumption. High consumption regions are greatly influenced by the male-to-female ratio, number of graduates of secondary vocational institutions and proportion of the rural population. Such factors as higher education, crises and anti-tobacco laws are significant for each quintile. The results can be used to improve state policy measures to reduce the consumption of nicotine products. The study is limited by the lack of regional data in terms of age and gender.

Высокий уровень потребления табачных изделий в России и региональная неоднородность этого явления актуализируют исследования по оценке влияния на него различных социально-экономических факторов. Подобных эконометрических исследований на основе российских региональных данных недостаточно. Цель исследования — оценить влияние финансово-экономических и образовательных факторов на уровень потребления табака в российских регионах. Впервые для такого исследования использован метод одновременной квантильной регрессии, устойчивый к выбросам и позволяющий оценить влияние факторов для «слабо курящих» и «сильно курящих» регионов по отдельности. Использованы панельные данные за 2005–2019 гг. по 82 субъектам РФ. В качестве зависимой переменной, отражающей уровень потребления табака в регионе, выбран процент расходов домохозяйств на табачные изделия на основе выборочного обследования бюджетов домашних хозяйств. Основные объясняющие переменные — уровень образования, дохода, безработицы и задолженности по кредитам. Контрольные переменные — потребление алкогольной продукции, соотношение мужчин и женщин, количество разводов и удельный вес сельского населения, бинарные переменные. В результате исследовнаия обнаружена инвариантность влияния факторов относительно процентилей регионов. Наибольшие различия прослеживаются между «слабо курящими» и «сильно курящими» регионами (группы q10 и q90). В регионах с низким уровнем потребления табака оказывают влияние объем задолженности физических лиц по кредитам, среднедушевой доход, употребление алкоголя, повышение акцизов, разводы и появление электронных сигарет. Однако они незначимы для регионов с высоким уровнем потребления, для которых значимыми факторами оказались соотношение женщин и мужчин, количество выпускников средних специальных учреждений и доля сельского населения. Вне зависимости от квантиля оказывают влияние наличие высшего образования, кризис и антитабачный закон. Результаты могут быть использованы при совершенствовании мер государственной политики противодействия потребления никотинсодержащей продукции. В качестве ограничения исследования можно отметить отсутствие региональных данных в возрастном и гендерном разрезе.

Russian regions, tobacco, factors, education, debt, unemployment, income, alcohol, divorce, quantile regression

регионы России, табачная продукция, факторы, образование, задолженность, безработица, доходы, алкоголь, разводы, квантильная регрессия

The article has been prepared in accordance with the research plan of the Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of RAS for 2021–2023 “Institutional models and factors of social and economic adaptation of the regional population in the context of the transition to dynamic development”.

Исследование проводится в рамках темы плана НИР Института экономики УрО РАН на 2021-2023 гг. «Институциональные модели и факторы социальной и экономической адаптации населения региона в условиях перехода к динамичному развитию».

Arcaya, M., Glymour, M., Christakis, N. A., Kawachi, I. & Subramanian, S. V. (2014). Individual and spousal unemployment as predictors of smoking and drinking behavior. Social Science & Medicine. 110, 89-95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.03.034

Askarian, M., Kouchak, F., Youssef, M. & Romito, L. M. (2013). Comparing tobacco use knowledge, attitudes and practices between engineering students at a public and Islamic Azad University in Shiraz, Iran 2011. International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 4(10), 1154-1161.

Assari, S. & Bazargan, M. (2019). Protective effects of educational attainment against cigarette smoking; diminished returns of American Indians and Alaska natives in the National Health Interview Survey. International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health, 7(3), 105-110. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15171/ijtmgh.2019.22

Azagba, S., Qeadan, F., Shan, L., Latham, K. & Wolfson, M. (2022). E-Cigarette Use and Transition in Adult Smoking Frequency: A Longitudinal Study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 59(3), 367-376. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2020.02.024

Azagba, S., Shan, L. & Latham, K. (2020). County smoke-free laws and cigarette smoking among US adults, 1995–2015. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 58(1), 97-106. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2019.08.025

Becker, G., Grossman, M. & Murphy, K. M. (1991). Rational Addiction and the Effect of Price on Consumption. The American Economic Review, 81(2), 237–241.

Berg, C. G., Fong, T. G., Thrasher, J. F., Cohen, J. E., Maziak, W., Lando, H., … Parascandola, M. (2018). The impact and relevance of tobacco control research in low-and middle-income countries globally and to the US. Addictive Behaviors, 87, 162-168. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.07.012

Berg, C. J., Sanem, J. R., Lust, K. A., Ahluwalia, J. S., Kirch, M. A. & An, L. C. (2010). Health-related characteristics and incurring credit card debt as problem behaviors among college students. The Internet Journal of Mental Health, 6(2), 10.

Bogdanov, M. B. & Lebedev, D. V. (2018). Structure and Dynamic of Tobacco Consumption in Russia, 1994–2016. Vestnik Rossiyskogo monitoringa ekonomicheskogo polozheniya i zdorovya naseleniya NIU VSHE (RLMS-HSE) [Vestnik of The Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey — Higher School of Economics (RLMS-HSE)], 8, 149-172. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17323/978-5-7598-1825-0_149-171 (In Russ.)

Bold, W. K., Buta, E., Simon, P., Gueorguieva, R., Jackson, A., Suttiratana, S. C., … O’Malley, S. S. (2022). Examining the potential role of e-cigarettes to reduce health disparities associated with menthol cigarette use: Characterizing e-cigarette use, flavors, and reasons for use among US adults smoking menthol cigarettes. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 236, 109475. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109475

Casetta, B., Videla, A. J., Bardach, A., Morello, P., Soto, N., Lee, K., … Ciapponi, A. (2017). Association between cigarette smoking prevalence and income level: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 19(12), 1401-1407. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntw266

Chao, D., Hashimoto, H. & Kondo, N. (2015). Dynamic impact of social stratification and social influence on smoking prevalence by gender: An agent-based model. Social Science & Medicine, 147, 280-287. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.08.041

Chen, D. T. H., Millett, C. & Filippidis, F. T. (2021). Prevalence and determinants of dual and poly-tobacco use among males in 19 low-and middle-income countries: Implications for a comprehensive tobacco control regulation. Preventive Medicine, 142, 106377. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106377

Dermody, S. S. & Shiffman, S. (2020). The time-varying effect of alcohol use on cigarette smoking relapse risk. Addictive Behaviors, 102, 106192. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106192

Doroshenko, S. V. & Sanaeva, O. V. (2021). The Impact of Debt Burden on the Number of Suicides in the Russian Regions. Prostranstvennaya Ekonomika [Spatial Economics], 17(4), 97-117. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.14530/se.2021.4.097-117 (In Russ.)

Gallus, S., Asciutto, R., Muttarak, R., Pacifici, R., La Vecchia, C. & Lugo, A. (2016). Which group of smokers is more vulnerable to the economic crisis? Public Health, 134, 34-38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2015.11.023

Grafova, I. B. & Monheit, A. C. (2019). How does actual unemployment and the perceived risk of joblessness affect smoking behavior? Gender and intra-family effects. Review of Economics of the Household, 17(1), 201-227. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11150-017-9373-1

Gritz, E. R., Vidrine, D. J., Lazev, A. B., Amick, B. C. & Arduino, R. C. (2004). Smoking behavior in a low-income multiethnic HIV/AIDS population. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 6(1), 71-77. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14622200310001656885

Hamplová, D. (2018). Marital Status, Smoking and Binge Drinking in Comparative Perspective. Sociológia-Slovak Sociological Review, 50(6), 647-671. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31577/sociologia.2018.50.6.24

He P. & Yano, E. (2009). Tobacco companies are booming despite an economic depression. Tobacco Induced Diseases, 5(1), 1-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1617-9625-5-9

Herzfeld, T., Huffman, S. & Rizov, M. (2014). The dynamics of food, alcohol and cigarette consumption in Russia during transition. Economics & Human Biology, 13, 128-143. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2013.02.002

Homish, G. G. & Leonard, K. E. (2005). Spousal influence on smoking behaviors in a US community sample of newly married couples. Social Science & Medicine, 61(12), 2557-2567. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.05.005

Jessop, D. C., Herberts, C. & Solomon, L. (2005). The impact of financial circumstances on student health. British Journal of Health Psychology, 10(3), 421-439. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1348/135910705x25480

Johnson, A. C., Luta, G., Tercyak, K. P., Niaura, R. S. & Mays, D. (2021). Effects of pictorial warning label message framing and standardized packaging on cigarette packaging appeal among young adult smokers. Addictive Behaviors, 120, 106951. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106951

Kaiser, M., Reutter, M., Sousa-Poza, A. & Strohmaier, K. (2018). Smoking and local unemployment: Evidence from Germany. Economics & Human Biology, 29, 138-147. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2018.02.004

Karuppusamy, B., Paulson, W., Chellappan, S., Behera, S. K. & Balabaskaran, N. P. (2021). District-level epidemiology, hot spots and sociodemographic determinants of tobacco use in Indian men and women: analysis of national family health survey-4 (2015–16). Public Health, 194, 127-134. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2021.03.001

Kilic, D. & Ozturk, S. (2014). Gender differences in cigarette consumption in Turkey: Evidence from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey. Health Policy, 114(2-3), 207-214. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2013.05.019

Kossova, T., Kossova, E. & Sheluntcova, M. (2018). Anti-smoking policy in Russia: Relevant factors and program planning. Evaluation and Program Planning, 69, 43-52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2018.04.006

Lewis-Thames, W. M., Langston, E. M., Fuzzel, L., Khan, S., Moore, J. X. & Han, Y. (2020). Rural-urban differences e-cigarette ever use, the perception of harm, and e-cigarette information seeking behaviors among U.S. adults in a nationally representative study. Preventive Medicine, 130, 105898. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.105898

Margolis, R. (2013). Educational differences in healthy behavior changes and adherence among middle-aged Americans. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 54(3), 353-368. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022146513489312

Mathers, C. D. & Loncar, D. (2006). Projections of global mortality and burden of disease from 2002 to 2030. PLoS medicine, 3(11), e442. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030442

Matheson, F., LaFreniere, C. M., White, H. L., Moineddin, R., Dunn, J. R. & Glazier, R. H. (2011). Influence of neighborhood deprivation, gender and ethno-racial origin on smoking behavior of Canadian youth. Preventive Medicine, 52(5), 376-380. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.02.011

Meit, M., Knudson, A., Gilbert, T., Yu, A. T. C., Tanenbaum, E., Ormson, E. … Popat, S. (2014). The 2014 update of the rural-urban chartbook. Bethesda, MD: Rural Health Reform Policy Research Center, 10.

Ockene, J. K., Mermelstein, R. J., Bonollo, D. S., Emmons, K. M., Perkins, K. A., Voorhees, C. C. & Hollis, J. F. (2000). Relapse and maintenance issues for smoking cessation. Health Psychology, 19, 17-31.

Osazuwa-Peters, N., Boakye, E. A., Chen, B. Y., Tobo, B. B. & Varvares, M. A. (2018). Association between head and neck squamous cell carcinoma survival, smoking at diagnosis, and marital status. JAMA otolaryngology-head & neck surgery, 144(1), 43-50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoto.2017.1880

Richardson, T., Elliott, P. & Roberts, R. (2013). The relationship between personal unsecured debt and mental and physical health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical psychology review, 33(8), 1148-1162. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2013.08.009

Roberts, M. E., Doogan, N. J., Kurti, A. N., Redner, R., Gaalema, D. E., Stanton, C. A., … Higgins, S. T. (2016). Rural tobacco use across the United States: how rural and urban areas differ, broken down by census regions and divisions. Health & place, 39, 153-159. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2016.04.001

Sanchez-Rodrigueza, E. J., Bartolome, M., Cañas, A. I, Huetos, O., Navarro, C., Rodríguez, A. C., … Castaño, A. (2015). Anti-smoking legislation and its effects on urinary cotinine and cadmium levels. Environmental Research, 136, 227-233. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2014.09.033

Schafferer, C., Yeh, C. Y., Chen, S. H., Lee, J.-M. & Hsieh, C.-J. (2018). A simulation impact evaluation of a cigarette excise tax increase on licit and illicit cigarette consumption and tax revenue in 36 European countries. Public Health, 162, 48-57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2018.05.017

Stuckler, D., Basu, S., Suhrcke, M., Coutts, A. & McKee, M. (2009). The public health effect of economic crises and alternative policy responses in Europe: an empirical analysis. The Lancet, 374(9686), 315-323. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61124-7

Stuhldreher, W. L., Stuhldreher, T. J. & Forrest, K. Y. Z. (2007). Gambling as an emerging health problem on campus. Journal of American College Health, 56(1), 75-88. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3200/jach.56.1.75-88

Sun, T., Lim, C. C. W., Rutherford, B. N., Johnson, B., Leung, J., Gartner, C., … Chan, G. C.K. (2022). Is smoking reduction and cessation associated with increased e-cigarette use? Findings from a nationally representative sample of adult smokers in Australia. Addictive Behaviors, 127, 107217. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107217

Sweet, E., Nandi, A., Adam, E. K. & McDade, T. W. (2013). The high price of debt: Household financial debt and its impact on mental and physical health. Social science & medicine, 91, 94-100. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.05.009

Thrul, J., Gubner, N, R., Tice, Ch. L., Lisha, N. E. & Ling, P. M. (2019). Young adults report increased pleasure from using e-cigarettes and smoking tobacco cigarettes when drinking alcohol. Addictive Behaviors, 93, 135-140. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.01.011

Wei, F. & Feng, L. (2019). Unemployment insurance and cigarette smoking. Journal of Health Economics, 63, 34-51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2018.10.004

Wiggins, A. T., Huntington-Moskos, L., Rayens, E. A., Rayens, M. K., Noland, M., Butler, K. & Hahn, E. J. (2020). Tobacco Use Among Rural and Urban US Middle and High School Students: National Youth Tobacco Survey, 2011-2016. The Journal of Rural Health, 36(1), 48-54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jrh.12356

Wilkinson, A. L., Scollo, M. M., Wakefield, M. A., Spittal, M. J, Chaloupka, F. J, & Durkin, S. J. (2019). Smoking prevalence following tobacco tax increases in Australia between 2001 and 2017: an interrupted time-series analysis. The Lancet Public Health, 4(12), e618-e627. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s2468-2667(19)30203-8

Xu, X., Liu, L., Sharma, M. & Zhao, Y. (2015). Smoking-related knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, smoking cessation idea and education level among young adult male smokers in Chongqing, China. International journal of environmental research and public health, 12(2), 2135-2149. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120202135

Zasimova, L. S. (2010). State policy on smoking restriction: the most effective measures. Voprosy gosudarstvennogo i munitsipalnogo upravleniya [Public Administration Issues], 4, 68-81. (In Russ.)

Zasimova, L. S. & Lukinykh, O. A. (2009). Exploring Individual Demand for Cigarettes in Russia. Ekonomicheskiy zhurnal Vysshey shkoly ekonomiki [HSE Economic Journal], 13(4), 549-574. (In Russ.)

Богданов, М. Б., Лебедев, Д. В. (2018). Структура и динамика курения в России в 1994–2016 гг. Вестник Российского мониторинга экономического положения и здоровья населения НИУ ВШЭ (RLMS-HSE), 8, 149-172. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17323/978-5-7598-1825-0_149-171

Дорошенко, С. В., Санаева, О. В. (2021). Оценка влияния долговой нагрузки на число самоубийств в регионах России. Пространственная экономика, 17(4), 97-117. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14530/se.2021.4.097-117

Засимова, Л. С. (2010). Государственная политика в области ограничения курения: какие меры наиболее эффективны? Вопросы государственного и муниципального управления, 4, 68-81.

Засимова, Л. С., Лукиных, О. А. (2009). Оценка индивидуального спроса на табачную продукцию в России. Экономический журнал Высшей школы экономики, 13(4), 549-574.

Becker, G., Grossman, M. & Murphy, K. M. (1991). Rational Addiction and the Effect of Price on Consumption. The American Economic Review, 81(2), 237–241.

Dermody, S. S. & Shiffman, S. (2020). The time-varying effect of alcohol use on cigarette smoking relapse risk. Addictive Behaviors, 102, 106192. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106192

He P. & Yano, E. (2009). Tobacco companies are booming despite an economic depression. Tobacco Induced Diseases, 5(1), 1-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1617-9625-5-9

Mathers, C. D. & Loncar, D. (2006). Projections of global mortality and burden of disease from 2002 to 2030. PLoS medicine, 3(11), e442. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030442

Wei, F. & Feng, L. (2019). Unemployment insurance and cigarette smoking. Journal of Health Economics, 63, 34-51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2018.10.004