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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Archiving and Interchange DTD v1.4 20241031//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/archiving/1.4/JATS-archive-oasis-article1-4-mathml3.dtd">
<article xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><issn publication-format="print">2072-6414</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-1406</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17059/ekon.reg.2026-3-15</article-id><title-group xml:lang="en"><article-title>Strenthening the Position of Chinese Automotive Industry in EAEU Countries:  Are Direct Investments Important?</article-title></title-group><title-group xml:lang="ru"><article-title>Укрепление позиций китайского автопрома в странах ЕАЭС: важны ли прямые инвестиции?</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5172-9924</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsov</surname><given-names>Alexei V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецов</surname><given-names>Алексей Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>kuznetsov_alexei@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Scientific Information for Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт научной информации по общественным наукам РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic" iso-8601-date="2026-09-29"><day>29</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="collection" iso-8601-date="2026-09-29"><day>29</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>681</fpage><lpage>695</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-02-15"><day>15</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-07-03"><day>03</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright © 2026 Alexei V. Kuznetsov</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright © 2026 Алексей Владимирович Кузнецов</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Alexei V. Kuznetsov</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Алексей Владимирович Кузнецов</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read/><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>CC BY 4.0</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri content-type="html" mimetype="text/html" xlink:title="article webpage" xlink:href="https://economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/view/2416">https://economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/view/2416</self-uri><self-uri content-type="pdf" mimetype="application/pdf" xlink:title="article pdf" xlink:href="https://economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/download/2416/1561">https://economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/download/2416/1561</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The automotive industry has long played an important role in the economy, and has repeatedly significantly changed the nature of its internationalization. China has taken the first place in terms of production, but has not yet consolidated its leadership in the export of cars, much less in their production abroad. The withdrawal of many Western investors from the Russian market in 2022–2023 created additional opportunities for the Chinese automotive industry. During the same period, China openly changed the nature of its foreign expansion everywhere. The article examines the automotive industry in the EAEU countries to explore how the distinctive features of Chinese companies’ internationalization are manifested in the post-Soviet space. The analysis contributes to the debate on whether Chinese firms should be viewed primarily as a specific form of traditional transnational (multinational) corporation or as a distinct model of internationalizing business shaped by China’s institutional and political environment. The study argues that China’s model of state capitalism has enabled the international expansion of Chinese companies to be closely linked to broader national economic modernization objectives. Drawing on a methodology previously developed by the author for analysing world economic relations in the post-Soviet space, the article examines the expansion of Chinese automotive companies in the EAEU, with particular attention to developments in Russia following 2022. Chinese automotive companies rapidly expanded their presence in the Russian market as the restructuring of international economic relations created new opportunities for foreign suppliers. At the same time, direct investment, which is traditionally regarded as one of the most advanced forms of internationalization, has played a relatively limited role in this expansion. Instead, market entry has relied primarily on exports and other forms of commercial cooperation, supported by state policies in China that facilitate the international activities of domestic automobile manufacturers, including firms that are not yet prepared to undertake substantial overseas investment. The findings suggest that this pattern may represent an important manifestation of the distinctive character of Chinese business internationalization. Compared with investment-led internationalization by firms from other emerging economies with a strong state role in the economy, the Chinese model appears to combine state support, for international activities and selective foreign investment in a particularly flexible manner. The automotive sector in the EAEU therefore provides an illustrative case for examining how this model operates under conditions of geopolitical and geoeconomic transformation.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Автомобилестроение давно играет важную роль в экономике, причем неоднократно существенно меняло характер своей интернационализации. Китай вырвался на первое место по производству, но еще не закрепил лидерство ни в экспорте автомашин, ни тем более в их заграничном выпуске. Уход с российского рынка в 2022–2023 гг. многих западных инвесторов создал дополнительные возможности для китайского автопрома. В тот же период КНР повсеместно открыто сменила характер зарубежной экспансии. В статье ставится цель показать на примере автопрома стран ЕАЭС, как фактически на постсоветском пространстве проявляется новая специфика китайских компаний, которые авторитетные исследователи иностранных инвестиций были склонны все-таки считать особой формой традиционных транснациональных (многонациональных) корпораций. Только КНР в силу своего политического устройства и в целом успешного на фоне опыта иных стран развития под социалистическими лозунгами государственного капитализма смогла подчинить задачи зарубежной экспансии бизнеса логике модернизации и ускорения развития национальной экономики. На основе ранее разработанной автором методики оценки мирохозяйственных связей на постсоветском пространстве показано, что Китай быстро использовал открывшееся для него в России в 2022 г. геополитическое окно возможностей, чтобы упрочить международные позиции своего легкового автомобилестроения. При этом лишь на втором плане в этой стратегии оказалось использование прямых инвестиций, традиционно воспринимаемых как «высшая форма» интернационализации фирмы. В статье это объясняется их инерционностью по сравнению с товарным экспортом, а также поддержкой на государственном уровне в КНР внешнеэкономической активности всех производителей автомашин, в том числе не готовых вкладывать капитал за границей. Рассмотренный процесс может стать первым ярким примером проявления особой природы интернационализации китайского бизнеса даже в сравнении с компаниями-инвесторами из стран Глобального Юга с сильной ролью государства в экономике.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Chinese MNEs</kwd><kwd>automotive industry</kwd><kwd>Chinese expansion abroad</kwd><kwd>FDI</kwd><kwd>EAEU</kwd><kwd>Russian car market</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>китайские ТНК</kwd><kwd>автомобилестроение</kwd><kwd>зарубежная экспансия КНР</kwd><kwd>прямые иностранные инвестиции</kwd><kwd>ЕАЭС</kwd><kwd>российский рынок автомобилей</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body/><back><ref-list><ref id="en-ref1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baronina, Yu. A. (2016). Foreign Investment into Russian Automotive Industry. 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