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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Archiving and Interchange DTD v1.4 20241031//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/archiving/1.4/JATS-archive-oasis-article1-4-mathml3.dtd">
<article xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><issn publication-format="print">2072-6414</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-1406</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17059/ekon.reg.2024-1-6</article-id><title-group xml:lang="en"><article-title>Human Development Index of China and Economic Growth: Hindsight and Global Perspective</article-title></title-group><title-group xml:lang="ru"><article-title>Индекс человеческого развития Китая и экономический рост: ретроспективный анализ и глобальная перспектива</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8990-429X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shi </surname><given-names>Shaodong </given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ши </surname><given-names>Шаодун </given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>shi919871055@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">МГУ им. М. В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-03-28" publication-format="electronic"/><volume>20</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>76</fpage><lpage>91</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-06-27"/><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-12-21"/></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright © 2024 Shaodong Shi</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright © 2024 Шаодун Ши</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shaodong Shi</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шаодун Ши</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read/><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>CC BY 4.0</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri content-type="html" mimetype="text/html" xlink:title="article webpage" xlink:href="https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/view/192">https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/view/192</self-uri><self-uri content-type="pdf" mimetype="application/pdf" xlink:title="article pdf" xlink:href="https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/download/192/275">https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/download/192/275</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Currently, it becomes important to examine the role of human capital in the context of China’s economic development and its impact on the world economy. The paper reconstructs a realistic Human Development Index (HDI) and corresponding dimensional indices of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and its provinces for 1990–2020. The obtained indices were compared with those of the major countries of the world or countries similar to Chinese provinces, revealing that China underestimates its HDI, according to the United Nations Development Programme data. To analyse the role of human capital in economic growth of the world, China, and a group of countries similar in population size and HDI to Chinese provinces, a constructed model combined human capital with education quality and physical capital. The findings show that the PRC overcame negative conditions affecting its ability to grow rapidly. It took China just 30 years to reach the same level of HDI that other countries achieved in 40 years. Additionally, inequalities in HDI of Chinese provinces were significantly reduced. By 2025, 90 % of the PRC’s population is expected to reach a very high level of human development, thus completing the transformation from a developing to a so-called developed country. Educational human capital explains almost three-quarters of economic growth variation in the long run, while the average duration of education will continue to influence economic growth in the next 10–30 years. Considering demographic, institutional, and technological effects, as well as the objectives of the 14th Five-Year Plan, an increase in the duration and quality of education in China is predicted. The paper demonstrates that PRC’s recent economic growth is due to an increase in both physical and human capital.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В текущем контексте экономического развития Китая и его влияния на мировую экономику вопрос раскрытия роли человеческого капитала становится особенно актуальным. В этой статье реконструируется реалистичный показатель индекса человеческого развития (ИЧР) и соответствующих индексов измерений для КНР и ее провинций с 1990 г. по 2020 г. и проводится сравнение с основными странами мира или со странами, подобными провинциям Китая; обнаружена недооценка уровня ИЧР Китая по данным ПРООН. Для анализа роли человеческого капитала в текущих условиях экономического роста для мира, Китая и группы стран, близких к провинциям Китая по численности населения и оценке ИЧР, была построена модель, объединяющая человеческий капитал с качеством образованием и физический капитал. Результаты показывают, что КНР смогла преодолеть негативные условия, влияющие на ее способность к быстрому росту, и достичь 40-летних рубежей человеческого развития стран, условия которых близки к условиям нынешнего этапа ИЧР Китая, всего за 30 лет, и значительно сократить неравенство в уровне ИЧР провинций. К 2025 г. 90 % населения КНР, вероятно, достигнет очень высокого уровня человеческого развития, завершив тем самым трансформацию из развивающейся страны в так называемую развитую. Эмпирические исследования также показывают, что образовательный человеческий капитал объясняет почти 3/4 колебаний экономического роста в долгосрочной перспективе, при этом средняя продолжительность образования сохранит значительное влияние на экономический рост в течение следующих 10–30 лет. С учетом влияния демографических, институциональных, технологических факторов, а также целей, обозначенных в 14-м пятилетнем плане КНР, стоит ожидать увеличения продолжительности и повышение качества образования. Экономический рост КНР в последние десятилетия в значительной мере основан не только на существенном увеличении физического, но и, как показано в статье, человеческого капитала.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>PRC, Human Development Index, human capital, multivariate regression model of economic growth, regional development, long-term economic growth</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>КНР, индекс человеческого развития, человеческий капитал, многофакторная регрессионная модель экономического роста, развитие региона, долгосрочный экономический рост</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body/><back><ref-list><ref id="en-ref1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Angrist, N., Djankov, S., Goldberg, P. K., &amp; Patrinos, H. A. (2021). Measuring human capital using global learning data. Nature, 592 (7854), 403-408. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03323-7</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref2"><label>2</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barro, R. 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