<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Archiving and Interchange DTD v1.4 20241031//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/archiving/1.4/JATS-archive-oasis-article1-4-mathml3.dtd">
<article xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><issn publication-format="print">2072-6414</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-1406</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17059/ekon.reg.2026-3-5</article-id><title-group xml:lang="en"><article-title>Russian-Chinese Cooperation for Sustainable Economic Growth  in Greater Eurasia amid Global Turbulence</article-title></title-group><title-group xml:lang="ru"><article-title>Российско-китайское сотрудничество как инструмент обеспечения устойчивого экономического роста Большой Евразии  в условиях глобальной турбулентности</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6653-939X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shkvarya </surname><given-names>Lyudmila V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шкваря</surname><given-names>Людмила Васильевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>destard@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4975-0905</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreeva</surname><given-names>Elena L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреева</surname><given-names>Елена Леонидовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>andreeva.el@uiec.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2692-5656</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Krasnykh </surname><given-names>Sergey S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Красных</surname><given-names>Сергей Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>krasnykh.ss@uiec.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Plekhanov Russian University of Economics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский экономический университет имени Г. В. Плеханова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт экономики УрО РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic" iso-8601-date="2026-09-29"><day>29</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="collection" iso-8601-date="2026-09-29"><day>29</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>533</fpage><lpage>551</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-02-02"><day>02</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-07-03"><day>03</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright © 2026 Lyudmila V. Shkvarya, Elena L. Andreeva, Sergey S. Krasnykh</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright © 2026 Людмила Васильевна Шкваря, Елена Леонидовна Андреева, Сергей Сергеевич Красных</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lyudmila V. Shkvarya, Elena L. Andreeva, Sergey S. Krasnykh</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Людмила Васильевна Шкваря, Елена Леонидовна Андреева, Сергей Сергеевич Красных</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read/><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>CC BY 4.0</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri content-type="html" mimetype="text/html" xlink:title="article webpage" xlink:href="https://economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/view/1492">https://economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/view/1492</self-uri><self-uri content-type="pdf" mimetype="application/pdf" xlink:title="article pdf" xlink:href="https://economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/download/1492/1551">https://economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/download/1492/1551</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Amid increasing global turbulence, Russian–Chinese cooperation is becoming increasingly vital for stability and sustainable growth in Greater Eurasia. This article substantiates its role as a key tool for ensuring the region’s resilience. The central hypothesis is that this cooperation is becoming a key stabilizing force in sustaining cross-country, Eurasian, and global processes. The study draws on UNCTAD’s statistical database to analyse macroeconomic and foreign trade indicators in comparable value terms. Using economic, statistical, logical, and comparative analysis, it examines the dynamics and structure of key foreign trade metrics for the world, Russia, and China. It also identifies stages in the development of Russian–Chinese trade and economic relations since 2014 and outlines how this cooperation exerts a stabilising effect and supports resource security in Greater Eurasia. Forecast scenarios for economic growth (world, Greater Eurasia, Russia, and China) were developed using ARMA and ARIMA models applied to annual GDP time series. The forecasts rely on UNCTAD data from 1992 to 2024, which enhances the stability of model parameter estimates and accounts for different market phases before and after 2014. Scenario projections show that the contribution of Russian–Chinese cooperation and Eurasian integration to the global economy by 2030 varies across three scenarios. The optimistic scenario envisages a shift towards a more polycentric order based on a coalition of Greater Eurasian economies. The findings can inform both bilateral cooperation between Russia and China and their multilateral engagement with Greater Eurasian countries.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В условиях усиления глобальной турбулентности актуализируется необходимость исследования роли взаимодействия России и Китая в обеспечении стабильности и устойчивости экономического роста в Большой Евразии. Цель статьи — обосновать роль российско-китайского сотрудничества в качестве важнейшего инструмента обеспечения устойчивости Большой Евразии в условиях происходящих глобальных трансформаций. Выдвинута гипотеза о том, что российско-китайское взаимодействие приобретает системообразующую роль в обеспечении устойчивости межстрановых, евразийских и глобальных процессов. Исследование основано на данных ЮНКТАД за 1992–2024 гг., включающих показатели валового внутреннего продукта, экспорта, импорта и товарооборота мира, России, Китая и стран Большой Евразии. Для оценки изменений использованы методы анализа динамики и структуры макроэкономических и внешнеторговых показателей, сравнительный анализ, периодизация этапов развития российско-китайского сотрудничества после 2014 г., а также ARIMA моделирование для прогнозирования динамики валового внутреннего продукта до 2030 г. Установлено, что развитие российско-китайского сотрудничества прошло три этапа: адаптация к санкционному давлению (2014–2018 гг.), расширение взаимодействия в условиях пандемии (2019–2021 гг.) и углубление кооперации в условиях санкционных ограничений (с 2022 г.). Выявлены ключевые направления стабилизирующего воздействия: развитие торговых связей, формирование альтернативной финансовой инфраструктуры, расширение транспортно-логистического взаимодействия и технологической кооперации. Согласно результатам сценарного прогнозирования, вклад российско-китайского сотрудничества и евразийской интеграции в мировую экономику к 2030 г. варьируется по трём сценариям. Оптимистичный сценарий предполагает усиление интеграционных процессов и формирование более полицентричной структуры мировой экономики; инерционный сценарий характеризуется сохранением текущих тенденций роста при ограниченном использовании интеграционного потенциала; пессимистичный сценарий связан с усилением фрагментации мировой экономики и снижением темпов экономического развития. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы при развитии двустороннего взаимодействия России и Китая и их многостороннего сотрудничества со странами Большой Евразии.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Russia</kwd><kwd>China</kwd><kwd>Greater Eurasia</kwd><kwd>international cooperation</kwd><kwd>economic growth</kwd><kwd>global turbulence</kwd><kwd>transformation</kwd><kwd>economic security</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Россия</kwd><kwd>Китай</kwd><kwd>Большая Евразия</kwd><kwd>международное сотрудничество</kwd><kwd>экономический рост</kwd><kwd>глобальная турбулентность</kwd><kwd>трансформация</kwd><kwd>экономическая безопасность</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body/><back><ref-list><ref id="en-ref1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Allen, C., Graciela, M., &amp; Wiedmann, T. (2016). National Pathways to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): A Comparative Review of Scenario Modelling Tools. Environmental Science &amp; Policy, 66, 199–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2016.09.008</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref2"><label>2</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andreeva, E. L., Ratner, A. V., &amp; Ilyasov, P. V. (2025). The Role of Russia and China in Shaping the Integration Contours of the Greater Eurasian Partnership. Ekonomika regiona [Economy of Regions], 21 (3), 630–642. https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2025-3-4 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref3"><label>3</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Babaev, K. V. (2024). The Idea of Greater Eurasia and the Russian Economy’s Turn to the East. Ekonomika Tsentral’noi Azii [Journal of Central Asia Economy], 8 (2), 91–110. https://doi.org/10.18334/asia.8.2.121012 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref4"><label>4</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bedrina, E. B., &amp; Gao, N. (2022). Empirical Analysis of Trade Development Between China and Russia. Rossiya i Aziya [Russia and Asia], (6(20)), 30–37. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref5"><label>5</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Çela, A., &amp; Hysa, E. (2021). Impact of Political Instability on Economic Growth in CEE Countries. Ekonomika Regiona [Economy of Regions], 17 (2), 582–592. https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2021-2-16</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref6"><label>6</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chukharev, A. V. (2024). Capacity and Geographical Directions of Russian Grain Export Flows (Regions Overview). Rossiya i Aziya [Russia and Asia], (1(27)), 31–44. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref7"><label>7</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dellink, R., Chateau, J., Lanzi, E., &amp; Magné, B. (2017). Long-Term Economic Growth Projections in the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. Global Environmental Change, 42, 200–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.06.004</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref8"><label>8</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Denisov, I. E. (2025). Legal Support of China’s Foreign Policy: Strengthening Global Status and Protecting National Interests. Mirovaya Ekonomika i Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniya [World Economy and International Relations], 69 (1), 17–29. https://doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2025-69-1-17-29 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref9"><label>9</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Derkenbaeva, S., Galushkina, E., Soodonbekova, A., Beksultanov, A., &amp; Kozubekova, S. (2025). Impact of Global Economic Instability on Social Policies: Adaptation and Resilience Strategies. Social Sciences &amp; Humanities Open, 12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2025.101946</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref10"><label>10</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gerasimov, V. I., &amp; Kodaneva, S. I. (2023). Greater Eurasia: National and Civilizational Aspects of Development and Cooperation. Vek Globalizatsii [Age of Globalization], (2(46)), 90–101. https://doi.org/10.30884/vglob/2023.02.08 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref11"><label>11</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gopalakrishnan, B. N., Chakravarthy, S. L., Tewary, T., &amp; Jain, V. (2022). Isolating China: Deglobalisation and Its Impact on Global Value Chains. Foreign Trade Review, 57 (4), 390–407. https://doi.org/10.1177/00157325211045463</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref12"><label>12</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">He, M., Shkvarya, L., &amp; Wang, S. (2020). China: Socio-Economic Development and Foreign Trade. Aziya i Afrika Segodnya [Asia and Africa Today], (11), 11–16. https://doi.org/10.31857/S032150750012178-7 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref13"><label>13</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jixiang, G., &amp; Jing, J. (2022). Scientific, Technological and Innovation Cooperation Between China and Russia in the New Era: Reshaping the Model and Choosing an Approach from the Perspective of Chinese Experts. Studies on Russian Economic Development, 33, 656–662. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1075700722060053</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref14"><label>14</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karmakar, A. K., Jana, S. K., &amp; Bagchi, P. (2024). Financial Crises and Instability Viewed from Economic and International Political Economy Perspectives. In International Trade, Economic Crisis and the Sustainable Development (pp. 75–85). Leeds: Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83753-586-620241005</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref15"><label>15</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuznetsov, V. I., Larionova, E. I., Chinaeva, T. I. (2021). Analysis of China’s Economy in the 21st century. Statistika i Ekonomika [Statistics and Economics], 18 (2), 57–70. https://doi.org/10.21686/2500-3925-2021-2-57-70 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref16"><label>16</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li, Y. (2018). The Greater Eurasian Partnership and the Belt and Road Initiative: Can the Two be linked? Journal of Eurasian Studies, 9 (2), 94–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euras.2018.07.004</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref17"><label>17</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lomanov, A. V. (2025). Chinese Civilizational Alternative to the Western Development Model. Russia in Global Affairs, 23 (3), 70–89. https://doi.org/10.31278/1810-6374-2025-23-3-70-89 </mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref18"><label>18</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lukonin, S., &amp; Vakhrushin, I. (2023). Russian–Chinese Trade and Economic Cooperation Amid Anti-Russian Sanctions. Rossiya i ATR [Russia and the Pacific], (1(119)), 160–180. https://doi.org/10.24412/1026-8804-2023-1-160-180 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref19"><label>19</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Makeeva, S. B. (2020). The Modern Stage of the History of Inter-Regional Russian-Chinese Cooperation in the Conditions of Regionalization. Izvestiya Saratovskogo Universiteta. Novaya Seriya. Seriya: Istoriya. Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniya [Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations], 20 (3), 382–387. https://doi.org/10.18500/1819-4907-2020-20-3-382-387 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref20"><label>20</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meng, G., Wang, R., &amp; Wang, S. (2023). A Review of China’s Overseas Economic and Trade Cooperation Zones Along the Belt and Road: Progress and Prospects. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 33, 1505–1526. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11442-023-2140-8</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref21"><label>21</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mirolyubova, A. A., Xie, X., &amp; Balakin, M. A. (2024). China’s Economy: Assessment and Development Strategy. Sovremennye Naukoemkie Tekhnologii. Regional’noe Prilozhenie [Modern High Technologies. Regional Application], (1(77)), 11–17. https://doi.org/10.6060/snt.20247701.0002 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref22"><label>22</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morales, L., AndreossoO’Callaghan, B., Rajmil, D., &amp; Sarwar, S. (2025). The Global Economic and Political Landscape Through the Lenses of Multiple and Multifaceted Crises. In Geoeconomics of the Sustainable Development Goals (pp. 67–82). London: Routledge.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref23"><label>23</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moyer, J. D., &amp; Hedden, S. (2022). Are We on the Right Path to Achieve the Sustainable Development Goals? World Development, 127, 104749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.104749</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref24"><label>24</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Quium, A. (2019). Transport Corridors for Wider SocioEconomic Development. Sustainability, 11 (19), 5248. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11195248</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref25"><label>25</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shkvarya, L. V., He, M., &amp; Krasnykh, S. S. (2025). Sino-African Trade Relations: A Factor Analysis in the Context of the Transformation of the Global Trading System. Ekonomika regiona [Economy of Regions], 21 (3), 672–685. https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2025-3-7 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref26"><label>26</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sidorov, A. A. (2025). Problems and Ways of Russia’s Access to Non-Cis Countries Product Markets. Mirovaya Ekonomika i Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniya [World Economy and International Relations], 69 (3), 26–37. https://doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2025-69-3-26-37 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref27"><label>27</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spartak, A. N. (2022). Transition to the New World Economic Order: Essential Stages, Basic Features, Challenges and Policies for Russia. Rossiiskii Vneshneekonomicheskii Vestnik [Russian Foreign Economic Journal], (7), 7–29. https://doi.org/10.24412/2072-8042-2022-7-7-29 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref28"><label>28</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stavytskyy, A., &amp; Dligach, A. (2025). The Global Economic Model in Crisis: An Analysis of the Obstacles to the Sustainable Development Goals. Sustainability, 17 (19), 8537. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17198537</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref29"><label>29</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tarasov, A. G., &amp; Ishukov, A. A. (2023). Multipolarity as the Main Characteristic of the Post-Global World: Searching for New Model Economic Outlines. Mezhdunarodnaya Torgovlya i Torgovaya Politika [International Trade and Trade Policy], 9 (1(33)), 74–89. https://doi.org/10.21686/2410-7395-2023-1-74-89 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref30"><label>30</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wei, W., Li, Q., Yu, Z., Wang, Y., &amp; Wang, H. (2025). Study on Measurement and Influencing Factors of Trade Embodied Carbon Based on China-Russia Agricultural Products Trade. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 33 (5), 5381–5390. https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/183075</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref31"><label>31</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xu, P., &amp; Zhao, H. (2025). Geo-Economic Priorities and New Emphasis in the Partnership Between China and Russia in Changing World Order. Ekonomika regiona [Economy of Regions], 21 (3), 599–609. https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2025-3-2 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref32"><label>32</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang, Y., Tian, K., Li, X., Jiang, X., &amp; Yang, C. (2022). From Globalization to Regionalization? Assessing its Potential Environmental and Economic Effects. Applied Energy, 310, 118642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.118642</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Андреева, Е. Л., Ратнер, А. В., Ильясов, П. В. (2025). Роль России и Китая в развитии интеграционного контура Большого Евразийского партнерства. Экономика региона, 21 (3), 630–642. https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2025-3-4</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref2"><label>2</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бабаев, К. В. (2024). Идея «Большой Евразии» и поворот российской экономики на Восток. Экономика Центральной Азии, 8 (2), 91–110. https://doi.org/10.18334/asia.8.2.121012</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref3"><label>3</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бедрина, Е. Б., Гао, Н. (2022). Эмпирический анализ развития торговли между Китаем и Россией. Россия и Азия, (6(20)), 30–37.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref4"><label>4</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Герасимов, В. И., Коданева, С. И. (2023). Большая Евразия: национальные и цивилизационные аспекты развития и сотрудничества. Век глобализации, (2(46)), 90–101. https://doi.org/10.30884/vglob/2023.02.08</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref5"><label>5</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Денисов, И. Е. (2025). Правовое обеспечение внешней политики КНР: укрепление международного статуса и защита национальных интересов. Мировая экономика и международные отношения, 69 (1), 17–29. https://doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2025-69-1-17-29</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref6"><label>6</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кузнецов, В. И., Ларионова, Е. И., Чинаева, Т. И. (2021). Анализ экономики Китая в XXI веке. Статистика и экономика, 18 (2), 57–70. https://doi.org/10.21686/2500-3925-2021-2-57-70</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref7"><label>7</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Луконин, С. А., Вахрушин, И. В. (2023). Российско-китайское торгово-экономическое сотрудничество на фоне антироссийских санкций. Россия и АТР, (1(119)), 160–180. https://doi.org/10.24412/1026-8804-2023-1-160-180</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref8"><label>8</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Макеева, С. Б. (2020). Современный этап истории межрегионального российско-китайского сотрудничества в условиях регионализации. Известия саратовского университета. Новая серия. Серия: история. Международные отношения, 20 (3), 382–387. https://doi.org/10.18500/1819-4907-2020-20-3-382-387</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref9"><label>9</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Миролюбова, А. А., Сэ, С., Балакин, М. А. (2024). Экономика Китая: оценка и стратегия развития. Современные наукоемкие технологии. Региональное приложение, (1(77)), 11–17. https://doi.org/10.6060/snt.20247701.0002</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref10"><label>10</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сидоров, А. А. (2025). Проблемы и пути доступа России на товарные рынки стран дальнего зарубежья. Мировая экономика и международные отношения, 69 (3), 26–37. https://doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2025-69-3-26-37</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref11"><label>11</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Спартак, А. Н. (2022). Переход к новому мировому экономическому порядку: этапы, ключевые черты, вызовы и решения для России. Российский внешнеэкономический вестник, (7), 7–29. https://doi.org/10.24412/2072-8042-2022-7-7-29</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref12"><label>12</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сюй, П., Чжао, Х. (2025). Геоэкономические приоритеты и новые акценты партнерства России и Китая в меняющемся мировом порядке. Экономика региона, 21 (3), 599–609. https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2025-3-2</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref13"><label>13</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тарасов, А. Г., Ишуков, А. А. (2023). Многополярность как основная характеристика постглобального мира: поиск экономических ориентиров новой модели. Международная торговля и торговая политика, 9 (1(33)), 74–89. https://doi.org/10.21686/2410-7395-2023-1-74-89</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref14"><label>14</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хэ, М., Шкваря, Л. В., Ван, С. (2020). Китай: социально-экономическое развитие и внешняя торговля. Азия и Африка сегодня, (11), 11–16. https://doi.org/10.31857/S032150750012178-7</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref15"><label>15</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чухарев, А. В. (2024). Потенциал и географическое распределение потоков российского зернового экспорта (по регионам мира). Россия и Азия, (1(27)), 31–44.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref16"><label>16</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шкваря, Л. В., Хэ, М., Красных, С. С. (2025). Перспективы китайско-африканских торговых отношений в контексте трансформации глобальной системы торговли. Экономика региона, 21 (3), 672–685. https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2025-3-7</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref17"><label>17</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Allen, C., Graciela, M., &amp; Wiedmann, T. (2016). National pathways to the sustainable development goals (SDGs): A comparative review of scenario modelling tools. Environmental Science &amp; Policy, 66, 199–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2016.09.008</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref18"><label>18</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Çela, A., &amp; Hysa, E. (2021). Impact of political instability on economic growth in CEE countries. Ekonomika Regiona [Economy of Region], 17 (2), 582–592. https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2021-2-16</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref19"><label>19</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dellink, R., Chateau, J., Lanzi, E., &amp; Magné, B. (2017). Long-term economic growth projections in the shared socioeconomic pathways. Global Environmental Change, 42, 200–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.06.004</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref20"><label>20</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Derkenbaeva, S., Galushkina, E., Soodonbekova, A., Beksultanov, A., &amp; Kozubekova, S. (2025). Impact of global economic instability on social policies: Adaptation and resilience strategies. Social Sciences &amp; Humanities Open, 12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2025.101946</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref21"><label>21</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gopalakrishnan, B. N., Chakravarthy, S. L., Tewary, T., &amp; Jain, V. (2022). Isolating China: Deglobalisation and its impact on global value chains. Foreign Trade Review, 57 (4), 390–407. https://doi.org/10.1177/00157325211045463</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref22"><label>22</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jixiang, G., &amp; Jing, J. (2022). Scientific, technological and innovation cooperation between China and Russia in the New Era: Reshaping the model and choosing an approach from the perspective of Chinese experts. Studies on Russian Economic Development, 33, 656–662. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1075700722060053</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref23"><label>23</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Karmakar, A. K., Jana, S. K., &amp; Bagchi, P. (2024). Financial crises and instability viewed from economic and international political economy perspectives. In International Trade, Economic Crisis and the Sustainable Development (pp. 75–85). Leeds: Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83753-586-620241005</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref24"><label>24</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li, Y. (2018). The greater Eurasian partnership and the Belt and Road Initiative: Can the two be linked? Journal of Eurasian Studies, 9 (2), 94–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euras.2018.07.004</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref25"><label>25</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lomanov, A. V. (2025). Chinese civilizational alternative to the Western development model. Russia in Global Affairs, 23 (3), 70–89. https://doi.org/10.31278/1810-6374-2025-23-3-70-89 </mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref26"><label>26</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morales, L., AndreossoO’Callaghan, B., Rajmil, D., &amp; Sarwar, S. (2025). The global economic and political landscape through the lenses of multiple and multifaceted crises. In Geoeconomics of the Sustainable Development Goals (pp. 67–82). London: Routledge.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref27"><label>27</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meng, G., Wang, R., &amp; Wang, S. (2023). A review of China’s overseas economic and trade cooperation zones along the Belt and Road: Progress and prospects. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 33, 1505–1526. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11442-023-2140-8</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref28"><label>28</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moyer, J. D., &amp; Hedden, S. (2022). Are we on the right path to achieve the sustainable development goals? World Development, 127, 104749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.104749</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref29"><label>29</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Quium, A. (2019). Transport corridors for wider socioeconomic development. Sustainability, 11 (19), 5248. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11195248</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref30"><label>30</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stavytskyy, A., &amp; Dligach, A. (2025). The global economic model in crisis: An analysis of the obstacles to the sustainable development goals. Sustainability, 17 (19), 8537. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17198537</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref31"><label>31</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wei, W., Li, Q., Yu, Z., Wang, Y., &amp; Wang, H. (2025). Study on measurement and influencing factors of trade embodied carbon based on China-Russia agricultural products trade. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 33 (5), 5381–5390. https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/183075</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref32"><label>32</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang, Y., Tian, K., Li, X., Jiang, X., &amp; Yang, C. (2022). From globalization to regionalization? Assessing its potential environmental and economic effects. Applied Energy, 310, 118642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.118642</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>