<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Archiving and Interchange DTD v1.4 20241031//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/archiving/1.4/JATS-archive-oasis-article1-4-mathml3.dtd">
<article xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><issn publication-format="print">2072-6414</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-1406</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17059/ekon.reg.2026-2-15</article-id><title-group xml:lang="en"><article-title>Interregional Comparability of Operating Conditions for Industry Businesses</article-title></title-group><title-group xml:lang="ru"><article-title>Межрегиональная сопоставимость условий функционирования  отраслевого бизнеса</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6938-2313</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rodchenkov </surname><given-names>Mikhail V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Родченков</surname><given-names>Михаил Викторович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>M.Rodchenkov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет им. М. В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Autonomous Non-Profit Organization of Higher Education “Higher School of Management” (EQC</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">АНО ВО «Высшая школа управления» (ЦКО)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic" iso-8601-date="2026-06-26"><day>26</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="collection" iso-8601-date="2026-06-26"><day>26</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>447</fpage><lpage>460</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-31"><day>31</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-03-31"><day>31</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright © 2026 Mikhail V. Rodchenkov</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright © 2026 Михаил Викторович Родченков</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mikhail V. Rodchenkov</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Михаил Викторович Родченков</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read/><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>CC BY 4.0</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri content-type="html" mimetype="text/html" xlink:title="article webpage" xlink:href="https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/view/1464">https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/view/1464</self-uri><self-uri content-type="pdf" mimetype="application/pdf" xlink:title="article pdf" xlink:href="https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/download/1464/1519">https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/download/1464/1519</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This study investigates how capital markets evaluate energy sector companies across different global regional associations. It aims to identify the regional distribution of marginality in the energy sector and assess whether operating conditions are comparable for single-industry companies located in various global economic regions. The analysis is based on market capitalization data and marginality indicators derived from official corporate reports of leading publicly listed energy companies. The assessment covers four and nine global regional associations, as defined by World Bank methodology. Multivariate regression analysis reveals statistically significant differences in marginality levels (six levels on a ten-point scale, with probabilities of 0.92 for the upper bound and 0.31 for the lower bound) among industry participants in the CIS, China, the Middle East, and OECD core economies. The findings support the hypothesis of a weak relationship between marginality and market capitalization. Companies in non-Western economies are also found to exhibit higher marginality compared to their Western counterparts. The prevalence of stock market income in OECD core economies ensures high sectoral capitalization for firms in these regions, regardless of actual performance. Investors tend to expect operational efficiency and dividend payouts from companies in developed non-Western economies, while capital gains or high capitalization are expected from Western economies. These differing expectations create varying financial pressures on firms. In conclusion, sector-specific companies in the CIS and the Middle East demonstrate higher efficiency and investment attractiveness. These results highlight the need to revise criteria for peer-group comparisons and to strengthen regulatory oversight of global institutional investors operating in non-Western economies.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Разница оценок рынками капиталов результативности компаний энергетического сектора разных глобальных региональных объединений выступает важным фактором дифференциации условий ведения бизнеса. Цель исследования — выявить региональное распределение маржинальности в энергетическом секторе и оценить сопоставимость условий функционирования одноотраслевых компаний резидентов разных глобальных экономических регионов. Информационную базу исследования составили данные о рыночной капитализации и показатели маржинальности официальной корпоративной отчетности ведущих публичных отраслевых компаний. Оценка проводилась в разрезе 4 и 9 глобальных региональных объединений, выделенных по методологии Всемирного банка. Посредством многомерного регрессионного анализа установлены статистически значимые различия (6 уровней при десятибалльной шкале с вероятностью 0,92 для верхней и 0,31 для нижней границы) маржинальности отраслевых резидентов региональных объединений СНГ, Китая, Ближнего Востока и ядра ОЭСР. Полученные результаты подтверждают гипотезу о слабой связи маржинальности с капитализацией и более высокой маржинальности резидентов глобальных региональных объединений незападных экономик по отношению к западным отраслевым конкурентам. Превалирование доходов от биржевой игры на рынках экономик ядра ОЭСР обеспечивает высокую отраслевую капитализацию резидентов безотносительно к их результативности. От компаний развитых незападных экономик инвесторы ожидают операционной эффективности и дивидендов, а от западных — прежде всего высокой капитализации. Разница требований дифференцирует финансовую нагрузку на бизнес. Сделан вывод о более высокой эффективности и инвестиционной привлекательности отраслевого бизнеса СНГ и Ближнего Востока, а также необходимости пересмотра критериев одноотраслевых сопоставлений и повышения контроля регуляторами незападных экономик рыночных стратегий глобальных институциональных инвесторов. Результаты исследования могут быть полезны при разработке корпоративных стратегий развития и совершенствовании мер повышения эффективности управления рисками национальных рынков капитала.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>institutional investors</kwd><kwd>global regional associations</kwd><kwd>Big3</kwd><kwd>IFRS</kwd><kwd>energy sector</kwd><kwd>marginality</kwd><kwd>market capitalization</kwd><kwd>investment income</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>институциональные инвесторы</kwd><kwd>глобальные региональные объединения</kwd><kwd>Большая тройка</kwd><kwd>МСФО</kwd><kwd>энергетический сектор</kwd><kwd>маржинальность</kwd><kwd>рыночная капитализация</kwd><kwd>инвестиционный доход</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body/><back><ref-list><ref id="en-ref1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aharoni, G., Grundy, B., &amp; Zeng, Q. (2013). Stock Returns and the Miller Modigliani Valuation Formula: Revisiting the Fama French Analysis. Journal of Financial Economics, 110 (2), 347–357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2013.08.003</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref2"><label>2</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aljifri, R. (2023). Investor Psychology in the Stock Market: An Empirical Study of the Impact of Overconfidence on Firm Valuation. Borsa Istanbul Review, 23 (1), 93–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2022.09.010</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref3"><label>3</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anderson, J. E., &amp; van Wincoop, E. (2003). Gravity with Gravitas: A Solution to the Border Puzzle. American Economic Review, 93 (1), 170–192. https://doi.org/10.1257/000282803321455214</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref4"><label>4</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brainard, W. C., Shapiro, M. D., &amp; Shoven, J. B. (1990). Fundamental Value and Market Value. National Bureau of Economic Research, 3452. https://doi.org/10.3386/w3452</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref5"><label>5</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Christensen, K., Oomen, R., &amp; Renò, R. (2022). The drift burst hypothesis. Journal of Econometrics, 227 (2), 461–497. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2020.11.004</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref6"><label>6</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Demidova, E. G., &amp; Bogatov, E. M. (2023). Modeling of the Corporate Capital Structure. Voprosy Ekonomiki [Voprosy Ekonomiki], (6), 62–75. https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2023-6-62-75 (In Russ.) </mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref7"><label>7</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Drobetz, W., Ghoul, S. E., Guedhami, O., &amp; Yu, X. (2025). Beyond ownership: The role of institutional investors in international corporate governance. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 33 (5), 1024–1038. https://doi.org/10.1111/corg.12635.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref8"><label>8</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Emekter, R., Beaves, R., &amp; Dennick-Ream, Z. (2018). Is stock market overpriced? A benchmark approach. Cogent Economics &amp; Finance, 6 (1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2018.1534303</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref9"><label>9</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fama, E. F., &amp; French, K. R. (2015). A five-factor asset pricing model. Journal of Financial Economics, 116 (1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2014.10.010</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref10"><label>10</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fichtner, J., Heemskerk, E. M., &amp; Garcia-Bernardo, J. (2017). Hidden Power of the Big Three? Passive Index Funds, Re-Concentration of Corporate Ownership, and New Financial Risk. Business and Politics, 19 (2), 298–326. https://doi.org.10.1017/bap.2017.6</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref11"><label>11</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Flora, M., &amp; Renò, R. (2025). V-Shapes. Journal of Banking and Finance, 179, 107521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2025.107521</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref12"><label>12</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gevorgyan, R. A., &amp; Gevorgyan, G. K. (2025). Game-Theoretic Analysis of the Global Economic System with a Dominant Currency Issuer. Voprosy Ekonomiki [Voprosy Ekonomiki], (6), 22–41. https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2025-6-22-41 (In Russ.) </mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref13"><label>13</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Greene, W. H. (2012). Econometric Analysis. 7th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1231.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref14"><label>14</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grigorieva, A., &amp; Kolmykova, T. V. (2020). Impact of Stock Payment on M&amp;A Performance in High Information Asymmetry. Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seriya 6. Ekonomika [Lomonosov Economics Journal], (3), 58–77. https://doi.org/10.38050/01300105202033 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref15"><label>15</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gummesson, E. (2007). Exit Services Marketing-Enter Service Marketing. Journal of Customer Behaviour, 6 (2), 113–141. https://doi.org/10.1362/147539207X223357</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref16"><label>16</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Henderson, D., &amp; Morgan, K. (2026). The Political Dynamics of Place-Based Missions: Navigating Ideology, Parties and Coalition-Building. Regional Studies, 60 (1). https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2026.2642764</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref17"><label>17</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hodkinson, C. (2019). Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) Marketing Appeals: A Conceptual Model. Journal of Marketing Communications, 25 (1), 65–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527266.2016.1234504</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref18"><label>18</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">J, H., &amp; Julie, R. L. (2024) The Influence of Behavioural Factor on Retail Investors Decision Making in IPO Investment. Shanlax International Journal of Management, 11 (S1), 10–17. https://doi.org/10.34293/management.v11iS1-May.7833</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref19"><label>19</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jensen, M. C. (2010). Value Maximization, Stakeholder Theory, and the Corporate Objective Function. Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, 22 (1), 32–42. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6622.2010.00259.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref20"><label>20</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kheyfets, B. A. (2024). Geopolitical Regionalism and New Regionalization of the World Economy. Vestnik Mezhdunarodnykh Organizatsii: Obrazovanie, Nauka, Novaya Ekonomika [International Organisations Research Journal], 19 (4), 7–22. https://doi.org/10.17323/1996-7845-2024-04-01 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref21"><label>21</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lev, B. (2018). The Deteriorating Usefulness of Financial Report Information And How To Reverse It. Accounting and Business Research, 48 (5), 465–493. https://doi.org/10.1080/00014788.2018.1470138</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref22"><label>22</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lin, J. Y., Zhang, Z., &amp; Liu, Y. (2025). Institution vs. Strategy: The Determinant of Development Success or Failure. Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seriya 6. Ekonomika [Lomonosov Economics Journal], 60 (4), 45–85. https://doi.org/10.55959/MSU0130-0105-6-60-4-4 (In Russ.) </mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref23"><label>23</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Porter, M. E. (2008). On Competition. Harvard Business Press, 544.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref24"><label>24</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reside, M. A., Robinson, R. M., Prakash, A. J., &amp; Dandapani, K. (1994). A Tax-Based Motive for the Underpricing of Initial Public Offerings. Managerial and Decision Economics, 15 (6), 553–561. https://doi.org/10.1002/MDE.4090150603</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref25"><label>25</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rodchenkov, M. V. (2024). The Attractiveness of the BRICS and G7 Countries in the Global Hydrocarbon Market. Voprosy Ekonomiki [Voprosy Ekonomiki], (9), 5–27. https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2024-9-5-27 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref26"><label>26</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rodchenkov, M. V. (2026). The Functionality of Economic Metrics in a Multipolar World. Journal of New Economy, 27 (1), 115–133. https://doi.org/10.29141/2658-5081-2026-27-1-6</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref27"><label>27</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rydqvist, K. (1997). IPO Underpricing as Tax-Efficient Compensation. Journal of Banking and Finance, 21 (3), 295–313. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4266(96)00043-X</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref28"><label>28</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sader, M., Verwaeren, J., Pérez-Fernández, R., &amp; De Baets, B. (2019). Integrating Expert and Novice Evaluations for Augmenting Ordinal Regression Models. Information Fusion, 51, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2018.10.012</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref29"><label>29</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Segal, A. E., Galich, A. A., &amp; Mirzoyan, A. G. (2025). Russian IPO Market: The Phenomenon of Underpricing. Voprosy Ekonomiki [Voprosy Ekonomiki], (10), 104–130. https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2025-10-104-130 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref30"><label>30</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tatarkin, A. I., &amp; Yurganova, L. A. (2006). Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to the Study of Regional Competition. Ekonomika Regiona [Economy of Regions], ((1)5), 4–22. http://elar.urfu.ru/handle/10995/132914 (Date of access: 10.03.2026). (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref31"><label>31</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tutz, G. (2022). Ordinal Regression: A Review and a Taxonomy of Models. WIREs Computational Statistics, 14 (2), e1545. https://doi.org/10.1002/wics.1545</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref32"><label>32</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vavilina, A. V., Firsova, A. A., &amp; Komarova, T. V. (2025). Assessment of the Participation of Foreign Capital in the Russian Energy Sector. Finansy: Teoriya i Praktika [Finance: Theory and Practice], 29 (5), 188–199. https://doi.org/10.26794/2587-5671-2025-29-5-188-199 (In Russ.) </mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref33"><label>33</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vernikov, A. V., Kashapova, E. R., Kurysheva, A. A., &amp; Ryzhkova, M. V. (2025). Nudging Laypersons to Participate in Financial Speculations. Voprosy Ekonomiki [Voprosy Ekonomiki], (2), 66–90. https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2025-2-66-90 (In Russ.) </mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref34"><label>34</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang, G., Yu, G., &amp; Shen, X. (2020). The Effect of Online Investor Sentiment on Stock Movements: An LSTM Approach. Complexity, (1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4754025</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="en-ref35"><label>35</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xu, P., &amp; Zhao, H. (2025). Geo-Economic Priorities and Strategic Shifts in the Partnership between Russia and China in a Changing World Order. Ekonomika Regiona [Economy of Regions], 21 (3), 599–609. https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2025-3-2 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вавилина, А. В., Фирсова, А. А., Комарова, Т. В. (2025). Оценка участия иностранного капитала в российском энергетическом секторе. Финансы: теория и практика, 29 (5), 188–199. https://doi.org/10.26794/2587-5671-2025-29-5-188-199</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref2"><label>2</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Верников, А. В., Кашапова, Э. Р., Курышева, А. А., Рыжкова, М. В. (2025). Дергая за нужные ниточки: как простых граждан вовлекают в финансовые спекуляции. Вопросы экономики, (2), 66–90. https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2025-2-66-90</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref3"><label>3</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Геворгян, Р. А., Геворгян, Г. К. (2025). Теоретико-игровой анализ мировой экономической системы с доминирующим эмитентом валюты. Вопросы экономики, (6), 22–41. https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2025-6-22-41</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref4"><label>4</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Григорьева, С. А., Колмыкова, Т. В. (2020). Влияние выбора акций как средства платежа на эффективность сделок M&amp;A в условиях информационной асимметрии. Вестник Московского университета. Серия 6. Экономика, (3), 58–77. https://doi.org/10.38050/01300105202033</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref5"><label>5</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Демидова, Е. Г., Богатов, Е. М. (2023). Моделирование структуры корпоративного капитала с применением формулы приращений. Вопросы экономики, (6), 62–75. https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2023-6-62-75</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref6"><label>6</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Линь, Д. И., Чжан, Ц., Лю, Ю. (2025). Стратегии и институты: фактор, определяющий успех или неудачу развития. Вестник Московского университета. Серия 6. Экономика, 60 (4), 45–85. https://doi.org/10.55959/MSU0130-0105-6-60-4-4</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref7"><label>7</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Родченков, М. В. (2024). Привлекательность БРИКС и G7 на мировом рынке углеводородов. Вопросы экономики, (9), 5–27. https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2024-9-5-27</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref8"><label>8</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Родченков, М. В. (2026). Функциональность экономических метрик в условиях многополярности. Journal of New Economy, 27 (1), 115–133. https://doi.org/10.29141/2658-5081-2026-27-1-6</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref9"><label>9</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сегаль, А. Е., Галич, А. А., Мирзоян, А. Г. (2025). Российский рынок IPO: феномен недооценки. Вопросы экономики, (10), 104–130. https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2025-10-104-130</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref10"><label>10</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сюй, П., Чжао, Х. (2025). Геоэкономические приоритеты и новые акценты партнерства России и Китая в меняющемся мировом порядке. Экономика региона, 21 (3), 599–609. https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2025-3-2</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref11"><label>11</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Татаркин, А. И., Юрганова, Л. А. (2006). Теоретические и методологические подходы к исследованию региональной конкуренции. Экономика региона, ((1)5), 4–22. http://elar.urfu.ru/handle/10995/132914. (дата обращения: 10.03.2026). </mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref12"><label>12</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хейфец, Б. А. (2024). Геополитический регионализм и новая регионализация мировой экономики. Вестник международных организаций: образование, наука, новая экономика, 19 (4), 7–22. https://doi.org/10.17323/1996-7845-2024-04-01</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref13"><label>13</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aharoni, G., Grundy, B., &amp; Zeng, Q. (2013). Stock returns and the Miller Modigliani valuation formula: Revisiting the Fama French analysis. Journal of Financial Economics, 110 (2), 347–357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2013.08.003</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref14"><label>14</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aljifri, R. (2023). Investor psychology in the stock market: An empirical study of the impact of overconfidence on firm valuation. Borsa Istanbul Review, 23 (1), 93–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2022.09.010</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref15"><label>15</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anderson, J. E., &amp; van Wincoop, E. (2003). Gravity with gravitas: a solution to the border puzzle. American Economic Review, 93 (1), 170–192. https://doi.org/10.1257/000282803321455214</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref16"><label>16</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brainard, W. C., Shapiro, M. D., &amp; Shoven, J. B. (1990). Fundamental value and market value. National Bureau of Economic Research, 3452. https://doi.org/10.3386/w3452</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref17"><label>17</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Christensen, K., Oomen, R., &amp; Renò, R. (2022). The drift burst hypothesis. Journal of Econometrics, 227 (2), 461–497. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2020.11.004</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref18"><label>18</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Drobetz, W., Ghoul, S. E., Guedhami, O., &amp; Yu, X. (2025). Beyond ownership: The role of institutional investors in international corporate governance. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 33 (5), 1024–1038. https://doi.org/10.1111/corg.12635.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref19"><label>19</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Emekter, R., Beaves, R., &amp; Dennick-Ream, Z. (2018). Is stock market overpriced? A benchmark approach. Cogent Economics &amp; Finance, 6 (1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2018.1534303</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref20"><label>20</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fama, E. F., &amp; French, K. R. (2015). A five-factor asset pricing model. Journal of Financial Economics, 116 (1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2014.10.010</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref21"><label>21</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fichtner, J., Heemskerk, E. M., &amp; Garcia-Bernardo, J. (2017). Hidden power of the Big Three? Passive index funds, re-concentration of corporate ownership, and new financial risk. Business and Politics, 19 (2), 298–326. https://doi.org.10.1017/bap.2017.6</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref22"><label>22</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Flora, M., &amp; Renò, R. (2025). V-shapes. Journal of Banking and Finance, 179, 107521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2025.107521</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref23"><label>23</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Greene, W. H. (2012). Econometric analysis. 7th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1231.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref24"><label>24</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gummesson, E. (2007). Exit services marketing-enter service marketing. Journal of Customer Behaviour, 6 (2), 113–141. https://doi.org/10.1362/147539207X223357</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref25"><label>25</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Henderson, D., &amp; Morgan, K. (2026). The political dynamics of place-based missions: navigating ideology, parties and coalition-building. Regional Studies, 60 (1). https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2026.2642764</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref26"><label>26</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hodkinson, C. (2019). Fear of missing out (FOMO) marketing appeals: A conceptual model. Journal of Marketing Communications, 25 (1), 65–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527266.2016.1234504</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref27"><label>27</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">J, H., &amp; Julie, R. L. (2024) The influence of behavioural factor on retail investors decision making in IPO investment. Shanlax International Journal of Management, 11 (S1), 10–17. https://doi.org/10.34293/management.v11iS1-May.7833</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref28"><label>28</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jensen, M. C. (2010). Value maximization, stakeholder theory, and the corporate objective function. Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, 22 (1), 3–42. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6622.2010.00259.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref29"><label>29</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lev, B. (2018). The deteriorating usefulness of financial report information and how to reverse it. Accounting and Business Research, 48 (5), 465–493. https://doi.org/10.1080/00014788.2018.1470138</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref30"><label>30</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Porter, M. E. (2008). On Competition. Harvard Business Press, 544.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref31"><label>31</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reside, M. A., Robinson, R. M., Prakash, A. J., &amp; Dandapani, K. (1994). A tax-based motive for the underpricing of initial public offerings. Managerial and Decision Economics, 15 (6), 553–561. https://doi.org/10.1002/MDE.4090150603</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref32"><label>32</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rydqvist, K. (1997). IPO underpricing as tax-efficient compensation. Journal of Banking and Finance, 21 (3), 295–313. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4266(96)00043-X</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref33"><label>33</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sader, M., Verwaeren, J., Pérez-Fernández, R., &amp; De Baets, B. (2019). Integrating expert and novice evaluations for augmenting ordinal regression models. Information Fusion, 51, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2018.10.012</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref34"><label>34</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tutz, G. (2022). Ordinal regression: A review and a taxonomy of models. WIREs Computational Statistics, 14 (2), e1545. https://doi.org/10.1002/wics.1545</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ru-ref35"><label>35</label><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang, G., Yu, G., &amp; Shen, X. (2020). The effect of online investor sentiment on stock movements: An LSTM approach. Complexity, (1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4754025</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>