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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Archiving and Interchange DTD v1.4 20241031//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/archiving/1.4/JATS-archive-oasis-article1-4-mathml3.dtd">
<article xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><issn publication-format="print">2411-1406</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-1406</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17059/ekon.reg.2025-4-11</article-id><title-group xml:lang="en"><article-title>Methodological Approach to Assessing the Scale of the Military-Industrial Complex in Russian Regions</article-title></title-group><title-group xml:lang="ru"><article-title>Методический подход к оценке масштаба оборонно-промышленного комплекса в экономике регионов Российской Федерации</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7675-4680</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Egorova </surname><given-names>Angelina I. </given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Егорова</surname><given-names>Ангелина Игоревна </given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>snp077@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7669-9899</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Leonenko </surname><given-names>Nikita S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Леоненко</surname><given-names>Никита Сергеевич </given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>nikita.leonenko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">CEMI RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ЦЭМИ РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет им. М. В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-10-01" publication-format="electronic"/><volume>21</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>1079</fpage><lpage>1093</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-08-13"/><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-09-24"/></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright © 2025  </copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru"> </copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read/><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><ali:license_ref>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri content-type="html" mimetype="text/html" xlink:title="article webpage" xlink:href="https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/view/1338">https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/view/1338</self-uri><self-uri content-type="pdf" mimetype="application/pdf" xlink:title="article pdf" xlink:href="https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/download/1338/485">https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/download/1338/485</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The military-industrial complex of the Russian Federation is currently expanding rapidly and remains a state priority. This study aims to assess its scale across Russian regions, identify its sectoral structure, and develop a methodology for estimating its volume. The research hypothesis suggests that the role of the military-industrial complex in Russia’s economy is often overestimated and that it, in fact, represents a relatively small share of the national economy. The sample includes all regions of Russia, excluding the so-called “new regions.” The novelty of the proposed methodology lies in the use of data on the volume of shipped products, which, unlike gross regional product (GRP) data, are published by Rosstat for specific sub-sectors of the manufacturing industry. Each sub-sector of the military industry was evaluated using a tailored approach: in some cases, Rosstat’s technical classifications were applied, while in others, information was drawn from interviews with enterprise and agency heads as reported in the media. The calculations also considered the contributions of scientific organizations and the public administration sector. All components of the military-industrial complex were then converted into a comparable indicator—GRP. The results show that the average share of the military-industrial complex in Russia’s economy amounts to 5.8 % (as of 2023), with regional variation ranging from 0 % to 18 %. The proposed methodology for estimating the share of the military-industrial complex in the economy can be applied by a wide range of analysts, including both government bodies and business structures. Its main advantage is the reliance on open-source data.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Оборонно-промышленный комплекс (далее — ОПК) Российской Федерации в настоящее время показывает высокие темпы роста и имеет особый приоритет для государства, что обусловливает актуальность выбранной темы. Целью данного исследования является оценка масштаба ОПК в экономике регионов Российской Федерации. Для ее достижения выделена отраслевая структура ОПК и разработана методика расчета его объема. Гипотеза исследования состоит в том, что роль ОПК в экономике Российской Федерации преувеличена и в действительности в масштабе всей страны на него приходится относительно небольшая доля в экономике. В выборку включены все субъекты Российской Федерации, за исключением новых регионов. Объем военной промышленности оценивался на основе объема отгруженной продукции, который, в отличие от объема валового регионального продукта (далее — ВРП), публикуется Росстатом в разрезе подотраслей обрабатывающей промышленности. При этом для каждой из подотраслей военной промышленности использовался уникальный способ расчета: в одних случаях использовались технические особенности публикации данных Росстата, в других — информация из интервью руководителей предприятий и ведомств в СМИ. В расчете также учитывался объем работы научных организаций и сектора государственного управления, после чего все составляющие ОПК пересчитывались в сопоставимый показатель — в ВРП. Расчеты показали, что в среднем по Российской Федерации доля ОПК составляет 5,8 % (по данным за 2023 г.) с разбросом по регионам от 0 % до 18 %. Предложенная методика расчета доли ОПК в экономике может быть использована для задач широкого круга исследователей (как среди государственных организаций, так и бизнес-структур), а ее преимуществом является использование данных из открытых источников.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>military-industrial complex</kwd><kwd>military industry structure</kwd><kwd>state defence order</kwd><kwd>military expenditures</kwd><kwd>civil production</kwd><kwd>gross regional product</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>оборонно-промышленный комплекс</kwd><kwd>структура военной промышленности</kwd><kwd>гособоронзаказ</kwd><kwd>военные расходы</kwd><kwd>гражданское производство</kwd><kwd>валовой региональный продукт</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body/><back><ack xml:lang="en"><p>The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, grant No. 25-18-00891, “Organizational and Economic Mechanisms for Reducing Risks in the Russian Economy under Conditions of External Critical Instability with a Significant Component of Uncertainty,” and was conducted at the Central Economics and Mathematics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences.</p></ack><ack xml:lang="ru"><p>Работа выполнена в рамках гранта Российского научного фонда No 25-18-00891 «Организационно-экономические механизмы, обеспечивающие снижение рисков в экономике России в условиях внешней критической нестабильности с существенной компонентой неопределенности» в Центральном экономико-математическом институте Российской академии наук.</p></ack><ref-list><ref id="ref1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Анисимов, Е. 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