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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Archiving and Interchange DTD v1.4 20241031//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/archiving/1.4/JATS-archive-oasis-article1-4-mathml3.dtd">
<article xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><issn publication-format="print">2411-1406</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-1406</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17059/ekon.reg.2025-4-20</article-id><title-group xml:lang="en"><article-title>COVID-19 Crisis, Ownership and Bank Efficiency in Emerging Market Economies: An Empirical Study of Vietnam</article-title></title-group><title-group xml:lang="ru"><article-title>Влияние кризиса COVID-19 и типа собственности на эффективность банков в развивающихся странах: эмпирическое исследование Вьетнама</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5521-7012</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vu</surname><given-names>Trang Huyen Thi </given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ву </surname><given-names>Транг Хуен Тхи </given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>trang.vth@tmu.edu.vn</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9754-7648</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nguyen</surname><given-names>Van</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нгуен </surname><given-names>Ван </given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>vanxpo@vimaru.edu.vn</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1402-878X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Le</surname><given-names>Phuong Thanh</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ле </surname><given-names>Фыонг Тан </given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>phuonglt_kt@tlu.edu.vn</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6090-8067</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ngo</surname><given-names>Thanh</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нго</surname><given-names>Тан </given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>t.ngo@massey.ac.nz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Thuongmai University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университет Тхыонгмай</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Vietnam Maritime University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Вьетнамский морской университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Thuyloi University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университет Туйлои</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Massey University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университет Мэсси</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-10-01" publication-format="electronic"/><volume>21</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>1221</fpage><lpage>1232</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-08-04"/><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-08-25"/></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright © 2025 Ву Транг Хуен Тхи , Нгуен Ван , Ле Фыонг Тан , Нго Тан </copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ву Транг Хуен Тхи , Нгуен Ван , Ле Фыонг Тан , Нго Тан </copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read/><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><ali:license_ref>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri content-type="html" mimetype="text/html" xlink:title="article webpage" xlink:href="https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/view/1337">https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/view/1337</self-uri><self-uri content-type="pdf" mimetype="application/pdf" xlink:title="article pdf" xlink:href="https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/download/1337/523">https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/download/1337/523</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Research on banking efficiency is abundant, yet studies typically focus on agency theory, which yields mixed findings, or analyse the impact of COVID-19 on performance without accounting for ownership differences. This paper investigates the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the efficiency of the Vietnamese banking system, with a focus on different ownership types. Using data from 28 Vietnamese banks over 2016 to 2022, a bootstrap variant of data envelopment analysis is employed to assess efficiency, and the Simar and Zelenyuk (2007) subgrouping test is used to compare bank performance by ownership and pandemic effects. Results show that private banks are significantly less efficient in providing intermediation services and generating profits, while state-owned and foreign banks perform better. Overall, Vietnamese banks demonstrated resilience during the pandemic, but private banks lagged behind, indicating a need for targeted oversight to enhance sector efficiency. Regression analyses incorporating control variables provide further insights. Credit growth has little impact on performance, nonperforming loans improve operational efficiency, larger banks are more efficient, and a higher deposits-to-assets ratio negatively affects efficiency. These findings suggest the need for policy measures such as careful assessment of bank performance, targeted efficiency interventions for private banks, balancing risk and efficiency in lending, promoting bank growth, and diversifying funding sources. The results may also offer lessons for other emerging economies, including ASEAN and Latin American countries.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Несмотря на то, что эффективность банков является предметом многочисленных исследований, в существующей литературе есть определенные пробелы: анализ либо фокусируется на теории агентства, что приводит к неоднозначным результатам, либо влияние пандемии коронавируса анализируется через банковские показатели без учета типа собственности. В данной статье исследуется воздействие пандемии на эффективность банковской системы Вьетнама с акцентом на типы собственности. На основе данных 28 вьетнамских банков за 2016–2022 гг. эффективность измерялась с помощью бутстрап-варианта анализа оболочки данных (DEA), а для сравнения групп по типу собственности и влиянию пандемии применялся тест кластеризации Симара и Зеленюка (Simar &amp; Zelenyuk, 2007). Показано, что частные банки значительно уступают государственным и иностранным как в предоставлении посреднических услуг, так и в плане рентабельности. Несмотря на общую устойчивость вьетнамской банковской системы в период пандемии, частные банки показали отставание, что указывает на необходимость целенаправленного регулирования для повышения эффективности данного сегмента. Регрессионный анализ с контрольными переменными выявил дополнительные закономерности: рост кредитования оказывает незначительное влияние на эффективность, наблюдается неочевидная положительная связь между проблемными кредитами и эффективностью, более крупные банки работают эффективнее, чем более мелкие, а высокое соотношение депозитов к активам негативно сказывается на результативности. На основании этих выводов предлагаются следующие меры государственной политики: внедрение регулярной детальной оценки деятельности банков, разработка целевых программ повышения эффективности для частных банков, сбалансированный подход к рискам и доходности при кредитовании, поддержка роста банков и диверсификация источников финансирования. Результаты исследования могут представлять интерес для регулирующих органов других развивающихся стран, в частности государств АСЕАН и Латинской Америки.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19 crisis</kwd><kwd>bank efficiency</kwd><kwd>ownership</kwd><kwd>data envelopment analysis (DEA)</kwd><kwd>bootstrap</kwd><kwd>Vietnam</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кризис COVID-19, эффективность банков, собственность, метод DEA, бутстрап, Вьетнам</kwd><kwd>кризис COVID-19</kwd><kwd>эффективность банков</kwd><kwd>собственность</kwd><kwd>метод DEA</kwd><kwd>бутстрап</kwd><kwd>Вьетнам</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body/><back><ref-list><ref id="ref1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Altunbas, Y., Evans, L., &amp; Molyneux, P. (2001). Bank ownership and efficiency. 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