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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Archiving and Interchange DTD v1.4 20241031//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/archiving/1.4/JATS-archive-oasis-article1-4-mathml3.dtd">
<article xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><issn publication-format="print">2411-1406</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-1406</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17059/ekon.reg.2025-4-17</article-id><title-group xml:lang="en"><article-title>Scenario-Based Projections of Educational Capital in Russian Regions:  A Comparison of Consolidated and Differentiated Investment Policies</article-title></title-group><title-group xml:lang="ru"><article-title>Сценарные прогнозы развития образовательного капитала в российских регионах: сравнение консолидированной и дифференцированной инвестиционной политики</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9449-6323</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernenko</surname><given-names>Ilia M. </given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черненко </surname><given-names>Илья Михайлович </given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>i.m.chernenko@urfu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1699-636X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zemzyulina</surname><given-names>Veronika Yu. </given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Земзюлина</surname><given-names>Вероника Юрьевна </given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>veronika.zemziulina@urfu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4265-9754</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Koliasnikov </surname><given-names>Maxim S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колясников Максим Сергеевич </surname><given-names>Максим Сергеевич </given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>m.s.koliasnikov@urfu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Уральский федеральный университет им. первого Президента России Б. Н. Ельцина</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-10-01" publication-format="electronic"/><volume>21</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>1172</fpage><lpage>1187</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-03-25"/><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-05-13"/></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright © 2025 Черненко Илья Михайлович , Земзюлина Вероника Юрьевна , Колясников Максим Сергеевич </copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Черненко Илья Михайлович , Земзюлина Вероника Юрьевна , Колясников Максим Сергеевич </copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read/><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><ali:license_ref>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri content-type="html" mimetype="text/html" xlink:title="article webpage" xlink:href="https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/view/1207">https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/view/1207</self-uri><self-uri content-type="pdf" mimetype="application/pdf" xlink:title="article pdf" xlink:href="https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/download/1207/492">https://www.economyofregions.org/ojs/index.php/er/article/download/1207/492</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In recent years, regional policy has prioritized developing human capital amid population decline and rising geoeconomic fragmentation. This paper projects the development of human capital in Russian regions up to 2035 under two scenarios: a consolidated policy scenario (CPS) promoting regional convergence and a differentiated policy scenario (DPS) maintaining existing heterogeneity. Using dynamic panel regression with Arellano–Bond estimators and Rosstat data for 84 regions, the study examines the impact of these scenarios on education and labour markets. Under the CPS, education spending relative to regional GRP is expected to decline, and higher education expansion slows, leading to a reallocation of human capital investments. The share of workers with tertiary education stabilizes at around 30 %, with each additional year of education contributing roughly 11 % to regional GRP. Under the DPS, education and research spending generally rise, the share of workers with higher education increases to 33–35 %, and interregional educational disparities narrow. However, the marginal contribution of each additional year of education to GRP falls to about 7 %, assuming similar economic growth. These findings illustrate the trade-offs between centralized coordination and differentiated development in human capital investment, offering guidance for regional policy. The projections are conditional and should be interpreted with caution due to assumptions of linear growth, stable demographics, and limited spatial interactions.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>За последнее десятилетие воспроизводство человеческого капитала стало одним из центральных приоритетов региональной политики в условиях демографического спада и растущей геоэкономической фрагментации, сдерживающих технологический прогресс. Целью данной работы является формулирование прогнозов развития человеческого капитала в российских регионах до 2035 г. в рамках сценариев консолидированной и дифференцированной политики. Используется динамическая панельная регрессия с оценками Ареллано–Бонда и данные Росстата по 84 регионам. В исследовании моделируются сценарий консолидированной политики, способствующий региональной конвергенции, и сценарий дифференцированной политики, предусматривающий существующую гетерогенность траекторий развития. Результаты показывают, что в сценарии консолидированной политики доля расходов на образование в ВРП снижается, а экспансия высшего образования замедлится, что приведет к перераспределению инвестиций в человеческий капитал между регионами. В этом сценарии доля трудоспособного населения с высшим образованием стабилизируется на среднем уровне не более 30 %, при этом каждый дополнительный год обучения будет вносить около 11 % в ВРП в период с 2013 по 2035 г.. Напротив, в сценарии дифференцированной политики расходы на образование и исследования в целом возрастут, а доля работников с высшим образованием увеличится примерно до 33–35 %, что будет также сопровождаться ростом межрегионального образовательного неравенства. Однако средний вклад каждого дополнительного года обучения в ВРП снизится примерно до 7 % при условии схожих уровней экономического роста. Полученные результаты служат основой для разработки региональной политики, иллюстрируя компромиссы между централизованной координацией и дифференцированными путями осуществления инвестиций в человеческий капитал. Прогнозы должны интерпретироваться с осторожностью из-за предположений о линейном росте, демографической ситуации, заложенной в прогнозах Росстата, а также ограниченном пространственном взаимодействии.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>human capital projections</kwd><kwd>scenario approach</kwd><kwd>education</kwd><kwd>economic policy</kwd><kwd>Arellano-Bond estimator</kwd><kwd>dynamic panel analysis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>прогнозы развития человеческого капитала</kwd><kwd>сценарный подход</kwd><kwd>образование</kwd><kwd>экономическая политика</kwd><kwd>оценка Ареллано-Бонда</kwd><kwd>динамический анализ панельных данных</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body/><back><ack xml:lang="en"><p>The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation Grant No. 23-78-10165, https://rscf.ru/project/23-78-10165/</p></ack><ack xml:lang="ru"><p>Исследование выполнено при поддержке гранта РНФ No. 23-78-10165, https://rscf.ru/project/23-78-10165/.</p></ack><ref-list><ref id="ref1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aiyar, S., Ilyina, A., Chen, J., Kangur, A., Trevino, J., Ebeke, C., Gudmundsson, T., Soderberg, G., Schulze, T., Kunaratskul, T., Ruta, M., Garcia-Saltos, R., &amp; Rodriguez, S. 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